Figure 6. TFAM and CpGA DNA Induce a Splenocyte Proinflammatory Immune Response through PI3K and NF-κB Signaling.

The presented data was derived from at least 5 independent experiments. TFAM (5 µg/ml) + CpGA DNA (0.3 µM)-induced Flt3L-expanded splenocyte (1 × 10⁶ cells/ml) TNFα release was completely blocked 24 hours post-treatment following pre-treatment (30 minutes) with inhibitors of PI3K (LY294002, 5 µM) and NF-κB (BAY 11-7085, 5 µM) signaling (*p < 0.01, relative to no treatment; † p < 0.01, compared to the TFAM + CpGA treatment group).