Table 1. Characteristics of patients.
| Total | Apneic men with LWC | Apneic men with HWC | p value | |
| n = 38 | n = 17 | n = 21 | ||
| Age (years) | 49 (11) | 48 (9) | 50 (12) | 0.474 |
| Weight (kg) | 83.1 (8.3) | 77.5 (7.2) | 87.6 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (2.7) | 24.9 (2.4) | 28.0 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.4 (7.8) | 89.5 (4.7) | 102.7 (4.0) | <0.001 |
| Neck circumference (cm) | 40.9 (1.9) | 39.6 (1.3) | 41.8 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 106.6 (5.8) | 101.6 (3.7) | 109.9 (4.3) | <0.001 |
| Waist on hip ratio | 0.91 (0.05) | 0.88 (0.04) | 0.94 (0.05) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134 (14) | 129 (15) | 138 (12) | 0.044 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 (71–84) | 75 (9) | 80 (11) | 0.147 |
| Smoking status | 0.198 | |||
| non smoker, n (%) | 3 (7.9) | 10 (58.8) | 6 (28.6) | |
| former smoker, n (%) | 19 (50.0) | 6 (35.3) | 13 (61.9) | |
| active smoker, n (%) | 16 (42.1) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Plasma glucose/insulin homeostasis | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.99 (0.35) | 4.87 (0.33) | 5.06 (0.34) | 0.047 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (µUI/ml) | 6.31 (4.18–9.94) | 4.34 (3.52–6.45) | 7.94 (4.94–12.22) | 0.004 |
| 120 min OGTT-glucose (mmol/L) | 6.47 (1.56) | 6.13 (1.30) | 6.74 (1.73) | 0.231 |
| AUC glucose (mmol/L×120 min) | 913 (145) | 867 (118) | 951 (157) | 0.075 |
| AUC insulin (µUI/mL×120 min) | 4381 (2948–7422) | 3273 (2713–4225) | 6769 (4496–10195) | 0.004 |
| Insulin secretion index | 5.21 (3.21–8.16) | 3.92 (2.95–5.15) | 6.72 (4.81–10.20) | 0.007 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.47 (0.89–2.29) | 0.91 (0.73–1.48) | 1.74 (1.09–2.93) | 0.003 |
| ISI Matsuda | 7.21 (4.19) | 9.22 (3.86) | 5.57 (3.78) | 0.006 |
| Plasma lipid profile | ||||
| Total-cholesterol (g/l) | 2.18 (0.31) | 2.03 (0.33) | 2.30 (0.24) | 0.005 |
| HDL-cholesterol (g/l) | 0.55 (0.48–0.67) | 0.58 (0.54–068) | 0.53 (0.48–0.58) | 0.111 |
| LDL-cholesterol (g/l) | 1.34 (0.30) | 1.26 (0.34) | 1.41 (0.26) | 0.127 |
| LDL-chol size (Angströms) | 270 (4) | 271 (3) | 269 (4) | 0.188 |
| Triglycerides (g/l) | 1.09 (0.77–1.41) | 0.77 (0.68–1.05) | 1.26 (1.12–2.00) | <0.001 |
| Plasma inflammatory and redox profile | ||||
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.40 (0.70–2.80) | 0.90 (0.50–1.60) | 1.90 (1.10–3.10) | 0.014 |
| Homocysteine (µmol/L) | 11.89 (3.22) | 11.07 (3.12) | 12.55 (3.22) | 0.162 |
| TAS (mmol/L) | 1.44 (1.22–1.56) | 1.50 (1.43–1.58) | 1.35 (1.22–1.45) | 0.358 |
| GPx (U/L) | 398 (52) | 397 (43) | 399 (59) | 0.891 |
| Sleep characteristics | ||||
| Epworth score | 11 (5) | 10 (5) | 13 (5) | 0.141 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 372 (51) | 375 (57) | 371 (46) | 0.841 |
| Stage 1–2 (% du TST) | 70.5 (9.1) | 70.3 (6.8) | 69.3 (11.7) | 0.768 |
| Slow wave sleep (% du TST) | 4.3 (1.4–9.8) | 6.7 (5.6) | 6.7 (7.4) | 0.982 |
| REM sleep (% du TST) | 22.9 (6.3) | 22.9 (6.0) | 23.4 (7.1) | 0.841 |
| AHI total (events/h) | 42.4 (17.1) | 37.9 (12.8) | 46.0 (19.5) | 0.151 |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 94 (93–95) | 94 (94–95) | 93 (92–94) | 0.003 |
| Time spent under 90% of SpO2 (%) | 1.00 (0.15–4.00) | 0.35 (0.00–1.15) | 2.70 (0.50–12.60) | 0.028 |
Abbreviations: HWC: High waist circumference, LWC: Low waist circumference, BMI: body mass index, SBP: Sleep blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test, AUC: area under the curve, ISI: insulin sensitivity index, HOMA-IR: HOMA-resistance index, Hs-CRP: high sensitive CRP, TAS: total antioxidant status, GPx: plasma glutathione peroxidase, REM: rapid eyes movement, AHI: apnea-hypopnea index.