Table 1.
Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
| Details | |
|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria mTBI | Defined as a forceful blow to the head or any acceleration or deceleration force (i.e. whiplash) that resulted in one of the following: confusion or disorientation, loss of consciousness (<30 minutes), posttraumatic amnesia not exceeding 24 hours, and/or other temporary neurological abnormalities (i.e. intracranial lesion not needing surgery). |
| English language proficiency | Assumed on the basis of current enrolment at an English language speaking university. |
| Passed effort test | Passed Test of Memory and Malingering (TOMM) |
| Exclusion criteria | |
| Recent injury | In the past three months |
| History of psychological or neurological disorder | Diagnosed or receiving treatment in the past twelve months |
| Previous neuropsychological assessment | In the past twelve months |
mTBI (mild traumatic brain injury) was defined according to The Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee of the Head Injury Interdisciplinary Special Interest Group of the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine.57 Apart from the TOMM, responses were based on self-report. Participants achieved a score of 45 or greater on the TOMM Trial 2 and the Retention Trial.50