Figure 3. Growth kinetics of the CO₂ hydrates in the presence of hydrophobic amino acids.

Gas uptake rates during CO₂ hydrate growth (a) with glycine or PVP and (b) with hydrophobic amino acids. Measurement of hydrate growth was initiated just after the onset of hydrate nucleation. The average values of gas uptake were calculated from several repeating measurements taken every 10 s. The symbols and their error bars indicate the average and standard deviations of gas uptake at each time point, respectively. Measured gas uptake rates were correlated with (c) hydrophobicity and (d) alkyl side chain length for the hydrophobic amino acids.