Table 3. Molecular prognostic factors.
| Marker | Year | Author | N | Data: univariate predictors | Multivariate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CEC | 2012 | Yoneda (24) | 109 | CEC, intratumoral vessel density | CEC independently predict prognosis |
| Clinical factors and NLR validation | 2012 | Kao (25) | 148 | Younger age, epithelial subtype, lower tumor stage, low white cell count, low platelet count, low hemoglobin level, and low NLR: ↑survival | Nonepithelial vs.epithelial subtype tumor stage, hgb level, no chemotherapy vs. use of chemotherapy, and NLR ≥3 vs. <3 |
| PTEN and NLR | 2012 | Cedrés (26) | 30 | PTEN pathway IHC proteins only pS6 | Histology and NLR only |
| Tumor IL4Rα | 2012 | Burt (27) | 37 | Tumor PCR IL4Rα, age, sex, stage | Tumor IL4Rα independently prognostic |
| CD26 | 2012 | Aoe (28) | 79 | Age, histology, EPP, chemotherapy, BSC, CD26 expression |
CD26 was not an independent predictor of survival |
| c-MET membrane staining | 2012 | Levallet (29) | 157 | Age, histological subtype, the c-MET and phospho-c-MET intensities, the c-MET localization, and the c-MET scoring | Histological subtype, c-MET intensity, and age |
| Aquaporin1 | 2011 | Kao (30) | 136 | Tumor overexpression: ↑survival | Aquaporin, age, sex, histology |
| Calretinin and NLR | 2011 | Kao (31) | 85 | High calretinin /low NLR: ↑survival | Calretinin and NLR |
| NLR | 2011 | Kao (32) | 173 | NLR <5: ↓survival | Histotype and NLR |
| Nuclear Grade | 2011 | Kadota (33) | 232 | Epithelial Nuclear atypia & mitotic count (nuclear grade) | R Laterality, lymphatic invasion, nuclear grade: ↓survival |
| Circulating/tumor infiltrating myeloid cells | 2011 | Burt (34) | 667 | High monocyte counts: ↓survival; high macrophages: ↓survival in non epithelial | Yes, but monocyte data and histology only considered |
| Serum EGFr | 2010 | Gaafar (35) | 71 | Serum/tissue EGFr not prognostic | Not predicitve |
| NTS | 2010 | Alifano (36) | 52 | NTS High Expression: ↓survival | NTS High Expression and non surgical therapy: ↓survival |
| EMT | 2010 | Schramm (37) | 352 | EGFr, integrin beta, nuclear p27, perisotin: non Epithelial, no therapy, high expression periostin, NTS High Expression: ↓survival | Any therapy, low cytoplasmic periostin, high PTEN: ↑survival |
| Mir-29c* | 2010 | Pass (38) | 120 | Higher levels of tumor mir: ↑survival | Mir-29c*, early Stage, and Chemotherapy use: ↑survival |
| PLGF | 2009 | Pompeo (39) | 27 | High PLGF: ↓survival | Not predictive |
| Gene expression | 2009 | Gordon (40) | 120 | Gene Expresssion Ratio cut offs predict overall survival | Lymph node, histology, expression ratio |
| SMRP | 2008 | Schneider (41) | 100 | SMRP | SMRP not indepent predictor in epithelial |
| Mesothelin | 2008 | Roe (42) | 47 | Low mesothelin expression: ↓survival | No |
| Pathologic | 2008 | Christensen (43) | 208 | Male, non epithelial, high lung fiber burden: ↓survival | Only asbestos burden |
| Pathology marker | 2008 | Baldi (44) | 70 | Higher tissue expression of HtrA1: ↑survival; higher tissue expression of EGFR: ↑survival | HtrA1, T Stage |
| Tissue EGFr | 2007 | Edwards (45) | 168 | EGFr expression: ↑survival | Not predictive |
| SMRP/osteopontin | 2007 | Grigoriu (46) | 172 | Stage, serum and plasma SMRP and osteopontin | Serum SMRP and serum osteopontin |
| Gene expression | 2006 | Lopez-Rios (47) | 99 | Aurora Kinase expression: ↓survival Expression arrays not predictive |
Stage, histology, p16 deletion |
| TN/MVC | 2003 | Edwards (48) | 171 | TN: ↓survival | Non epithelial, increasing MVC, PS: ↓survival; not TN |
| Cox-2 and p27 and p21 | 2004 | Baldi (49) | 29 | p21, p27 and COX-2: ↓survival | Only Cox-2 but no clinical factors considered |
| Cox 2 | 2002 | Edwards (50) | 48 | Cox2: ↓survival | Cox2, non epithelial, chest pain: ↓survival |
| Angiogeneis MVD | 2001 | Edwards (51) | 104 | Non epithelial, MVD, PS: ↓survival | Non epithelial, MVD, PS: ↓survival |
| Biomarker SV40 sequences | 2000 | Procopio (52) | 83 | Epithelial and SV40 negative: ↑survival | Gender, age, SV40 status |
| Biomarker | 1999 | Ohta (53) | 54 | VEGC, FLT, KDR, LVD, VD | Male, advanced stage, high VD: ↓survival |
| Biomarkers Cyfra 21-1, TPA | 1999 | Schouwink (54) | 52 | PS, thoracic pain, platelet Cyfra 21-1 and TPA: ↓survival | PS, platelet count, Cyfra 21-1: ↓survival |
CEC, circulating endothelial cells; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; NTS, neurotensin; PLGF, placental growth factor; TN, tumor necrosis; MVC, microvessel count; MVD, microvessel density