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. 2013 Jan;2(1):40–43. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2225-319X.2012.11.16

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Pressure drop across the valve in both Dacron roots, with and without sinuses, compared with a standard nozzle. Note that when steady flow becomes turbulent (i.e., around 15 L/min) the presence of sinuses helps to maintain a low pressure drop across the valve