Table 3. Summary of operative strategies in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery with DHCA alone or MHCA+SACP.

First author	Circulatory arrest temperature		Perfusion strategy
	DHCA (°C)	MHCA+SACP (°C)	Approach	Cannulation site	Perfusate temperature (°C)	Flow rate (mL/kg/min)
Kazui	15Rctl	25Rctl	Bilateral	Innominate + L. carotid	NR	500-600 mL/min
Tan	15.1±3.1NP	25NP	Bilateral	Innominate + L. carotid	25	10
Di Eusanio	16.1 ±2.8NP	23.2±2.6NP	Bilateral	Innominate + L. carotid	NR	10
Muller	20±2Rect	22±2Rect	Unilateral	R. subclavian†	NR	400-700 mL/min
Harrington	15NP	25NP	Bilateral	Innominate + L. carotid	15	8-12
Sundt	16-18NP; 23Bldr	25Core	Unilateral	R. axillary	13	10-15
Halkos	18Core	23.2±4.2Core	Unilateral	R. axillary	18	10
Wiedemann	18Esoph	25Esoph	Unilateral/bilateral	uACP: R. subclavian/innominate	25	10
				bACP: subclavian/innominate + L. carotid
Misfeld‡	22±2NP	uACP: 24±3NP	Unilateral/bilateral§	uACP: R. carotid	24	10-15
		bACP: 25±4NP		bACP: Innominate + L. carotid

^†5 complex patients cannulated with brachiocephalic artery; ^‡Misfeld et al. reported a mean of 22±2 °C as deep hypothermia; ^§bACP reserved for complex cases; Rctl, rectal temperature; NP, nasopharyngeal temperature; Bldr, bladder temperature; Core, core temperature, Esoph, esophageal temperature; uACP, unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion; bACP, bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion; NR, not reported