Table 1. Overview of large studies reviewing individual methods of cerebral protection. Panel A represents most large-scale studies that reviewed the cerebral techniques. Panel B represents studies from the last five years (2007-2012), in which the patient groups included a mixture of elective and emergent operations on the ascending aorta and arch.

	Technique	Year	Number of patients	Mortality (%)	Stroke (%)
A	DHCA (15,18)	1993, 2007	394, 656	6.3, 12.0	4.8, 7.0
	RCP (19-29)	1994-2012	33-1,002	4.1-17.0	2.8-9.3
	ACP (23,30-43)	1994-2012	30-2,209	4.0-19.4	2.2-9.6
B	DHCA (15)	2007	394	2.2	3.1
	RCP (22-24)	2008-2012	53-1,002	4.1-17.0	2.9-9.0
	ACP (23,24,31-36,39-43)	2007-2012	46-2,209	3.2-11.6	2.2-9.6

DHCA, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; RCP, retrograde cerebral perfusion; ACP, antegrade cerebral perfusion