Table 4.
Dietary intake as reported from two- or three-day diet records for 75 patrollers, instructors, and lift operators at five ski resorts in Western Canada during the first year of the study. Data is represented as mean ± SD. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is provided for comparison [24].
| Patrollers | Instructors | Lift ops | RDA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Kcal | 3140 ± 762 | 2831 ± 525 | 2621 ± 726∧ | 1997 ± 486∧ | 2989 ± 762 | 1979 ± 70∧ | 2700 kcal | 2100 kcal |
| Protein (g) | 121 ± 26 | 113 ± 8 | 96 ± 17 | 75 ± 19 | 114 ± 33 | 64 ± 23 | 0.8 g/kg body wt | |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 413 ± 129 | 360 ± 62 | 339 ± 127 | 256 ± 71 | 363 ± 93 | 271 ± 49∧ | >130 g | |
| Total fat (g) | 115 ± 40* | 100 ± 27* | 97 ± 31* | 70 ± 18* | 117 ± 41* | 63 ± 16* | <25–35% calories | |
| Saturated fat (g) | 39 ± 20* | 30 ± 8* | 31 ± 11* | 21 ± 7* | 39 ± 19* | 22 ± 5* | <7% caloric intake | |
| Monounsaturated fat (g) | 30 ± 16∧ | 29 ± 9∧ | 27 ± 13∧ | 21 ± 11∧ | 38 ± 16 | 19 ± 7∧ | <10–25% calories | |
| Polyunsaturated fat (g) | 18 ± 10∧ | 13 ± 4∧ | 19 ± 10∧ | 17 ± 10∧ | 22 ± 9∧ | 13 ± 2∧ | <8–10% calories | |
| Trans fatty acid | 0.8 ± 1.3 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 1.3 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | <1% caloric intake | |
| Omega-6 linoleic acid (g) | 14 ± 9∧ | 11 ± 4∧ | 12 ± 7∧ | 10 ± 6∧ | 16 ± 8∧ | 8 ± 7∧ | 17 g | 12 g |
| Omega-3 linolenic acid (g) | 1.2 ± 1.3∧ | 0.8 ± 0.6∧ | 1.2 ± 0.6∧ | 3.2 ± 6.8 | 1.3 ± 0.8∧ | 0.6 ± 0.4∧ | >1.6 g | >1.1 g |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 360 ± 171* | 329 ± 101* | 274 ± 156* | 220 ± 170* | 400 ± 228* | 204 ± 141* | <200–300 mg | |
| Total fiber (g) | 40 ± 18 | 38 ± 9 | 28 ± 7∧ | 24 ± 11∧ | 34 ± 15∧ | 19 ± 8∧ | >38 g | >25 g |
| Total sugar (g) | 156 ± 74* | 142 ± 53* | 157 ± 68* | 99 ± 34 | 160 ± 45* | 152 ± 45* | <25% caloric intake | |
| Total water (L) | 1.5 ± 2.0∧ | 1.8 ± 1.2∧ | 2.0 ± 1.0∧ | 1.6 ± 0.6∧ | 2.2 ± 1.2∧ | 1.3 ± 0.1∧ | 3.7 L | 2.7 L |
| Thiamin (mg) | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 1.2 g | 1.1 g |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.3 ± 1.0 | 1.3 mg | 1.1 mg |
| Niacin (mg) | 28 ± 10 | 34 ± 9 | 24 ± 8 | 19 ± 5 | 27 ± 9 | 35 ± 26 | 16 mg | 14 mg |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.5 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 1.3 mg | |
| Vitamin B12 (mcg) | 5.1 ± 2.8 | 6.9 ± 3.9 | 6.4 ± 6.3 | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 4.6 | 2.4 mcg | |
| Folate (DFE) (mcg) | 456 ± 246 | 675 ± 337 | 441 ± 239 | 374 ± 161∧ | 566 ± 207 | 396 ± 213∧ | 400 mcg | |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 155 ± 88 | 205 ± 96 | 169 ± 266 | 135 ± 119 | 153 ± 110 | 128 ± 28 | 90 mg | 65 mg |
| Vitamin D (IU) | 205 ± 226∧ | 257 ± 123∧ | 176 ± 265∧ | 112 ± 132∧ | 126 ± 165∧ | 143 ± 129∧ | 600 to 4000 IU | |
| Vitamin A (RAE) (mcg) | 693 ± 576∧ | 803 ± 639 | 704 ± 334∧ | 722 ± 502 | 868 ± 483∧ | 286 ± 54∧ | 900 mcg RAE | 700 mcg RAE |
| Alpha-tocopherol (Vit E) (mg) | 7.4 ± 6.9∧ | 9.5 ± 4.8∧ | 5.1 ± 3.2∧ | 4.9 ± 3.6∧ | 9.8 ± 4.7∧ | 4.5 ± 3.3∧ | 15 mg | |
| Calcium (mg) | 1209 ± 413 | 1286 ± 167 | 987 ± 506∧ | 876 ± 214∧ | 1079 ± 492 | 576 ± 149∧ | 1000 mg | |
| Iron (mg) | 23 ± 7 | 23 ± 5 | 21 ± 7 | 16 ± 6∧ | 20 ± 5 | 14 ± 1∧ | 8 mg | 18 mg |
| Magnesium (mg) | 468 ± 215 | 438 ± 42 | 375 ± 124∧ | 288 ± 107∧ | 444 ± 144 | 262 ± 17∧ | 420 mg | 320 mg |
| Potassium (mg) | 4215 ± 1654∧ | 3882 ± 906∧ | 3271 ± 708∧ | 2438 ± 495∧ | 3771 ± 1100∧ | 3074 ± 241∧ | >4700 mg | |
| Zinc (mg) | 15 ± 7 | 14 ± 11 | 13 ± 3 | 8 ± 2 | 15 ± 5 | 9 ± 6 | 11 mg | 8 mg |
| Sodium (mg) | 3933 ± 1324* | 3314 ± 1023* | 2803 ± 1056* | 3310 ± 1522* | 3504 ± 1459* | 3400 ± 1217* | <2300 mg | |
*Exceeds the RDA for good health, ∧does not meet the lower limit of RDA for good health.