table 4.

Energy metabolism and substrate oxidation

Measurement	Baseline	6 Months	12 Months
Total EE (kcal/day)	2,768 ± 474	2,010 ± 260*	1,987 ± 228
Sleep EE (kcal/day)	2,092 ± 342	1,495 ± 190*	1,513 ± 192
Total RQ	0.89 ± 0.04	0.84 ± 0.04**	0.82 ± 0.04
Sleep RQ	0.90 ± 0.06	0.86 ± 0.05	0.81 ± 0.05†
Nonprotein RQ	0.92 ± 0.06	0.85 ± 0.05	0.84 ± 0.06†
Carbohydrate oxidation (g/kg·day)	3.2 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.7**	2.2 ± 0.9
Fat oxidation (g/kg·day)	0.6 ± 0.4	1.0 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.5†
Protein oxidation (g/kg·day)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.3†

Data are mean ± s.d.

EE, energy expenditure; RQ, respiratory quotient.

^*P < 0.02 and

^**P = 0.049 for baseline vs. 6 months and

^†P ≤ 0.006 for baseline vs. 12 months.