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Epigenetic modifications of the nucleosomal histones and DNA, regulating gene expression. Histone modifications of compactly coiled heterochromatic regions, or relaxed transcriptionally active chromatin. H, histone; K, lysine; me, methylation; me3, trimethylation; ac, acetylation; DNA methylation silencing the gene; meCpG, methylated Cytosine in Cytosine-Guanine dinucleotide sequences within the DNA.
