. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 13.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Jul;15(4):323–329. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328354bf5c

Table 1.

MicroRNAs in response to different environmental exposures and relation to cardiovascular disease

Exposure	miRNA/miRNA regulatory gene	Change/Effect of	Target/Function	CVD relevance	References
PM, carbon black	Dicer polymorphism rs13078	Minor allele A	miRNA biogenesis	Correlated with higher serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels	(26)
PM, carbon black	GEMIN 4 polymorphism rs1062923	Minor allele C	miRNA biogenesis	Higher sVCAM-1 levels	(26)
Air pollution, metal pollutants	miR 222	Increased in peripheral blood	cKit, p57 (Kip2)	Induce vascular smooth muscle cell growth, angiogenesis (27); reduction in eNOS, vasoconstriction (25)	(24)
Air pollution, metal pollutants	miR 21	Increased in peripheral blood	Phosphatase PTEN, PI3 Kinase pathway	Prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis in MI (28)	(24)
Aluminum	miR 146a	Increased, in vitro experimental model	NF-kappa B dependent, oxidoreductive pathway, ErbB pathway	Cardiomyocyte apoptosis cardiac hypertrophy (29)	(30)
Bisphenol A	miR 146a	Increased in placental cells	NF-kappa B dependent, oxidoreductive pathway, ErbB pathway	Cardiomyocyte apoptosis cardiac hypertrophy (29)	(31)
Alcohol	miR199a	Increased in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells	Hypoxia Inducible Factor HIF-1 α, Sirtuin 1.	Prevents hypoxia injury	(32)