Table 1.
Inhibitory effects of compounds 1–17 from the rhizome of H. coronarium on superoxide radical anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to fMet-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B a.
| Compounds | Superoxide anion | Elastase |
|---|---|---|
| IC50 (μg/mL) b | IC50 (μg/mL) b | |
| Hedychicoronarin (1) | >10 | >10 |
| Peroxycoronarin D (2) | >10 | >10 |
| 7β-Hydroxycalcaratarin A (3) | 4.52 ± 1.14 e | 3.86 ± 0.98 g |
| (E)-7β-Hydroxy-6-oxo-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (4) | >10 | 5.36 ± 1.23 |
| Calcaratarin A (5) | 2.25 ± 0.42 e | 2.36 ± 0.41 e |
| Coronarin A (6) | 3.31 ± 2.41 | 2.67 ± 1.68 |
| Coronarin D (7) | >10 | >10 |
| Coronarin D methyl ether (8) | >10 | >10 |
| Coronarin D ethyl ether (9) | >10 | >10 |
| (E)-Labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (10) | 3.21 ± 1.24 | 3.70 ± 1.18 f |
| Ergosta-4,6, 8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (11) | >10 | 6.17 ± 1.30 e |
| Mixture of β-sitostenone (12) and β-stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (13) | >10 | >10 |
| Mixture of 6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (14) and 6β-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one (15) | >10 | >10 |
| Mixture of stearic acid (16) and palmitic acid (17) | >10 | >10 |
| LY294002 c | 0.36 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.07 |
| Diphenyleneiodonium d | 0.55 ± 0.24 |
a
Results are presented as averages ± SEM (n = 4).
b
Concentration necessary for 50% inhibition (IC50).
c
LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, was used as a positive control for superoxide anion generation and elastase release.
d
Diphenyleneiodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, was used as a positive control for superoxide anion generation.
e
p < 0.05 compared with the control.
f
p < 0.01 compared with the control.
g
p < 0.001 compared with the control.