Table 1.

The amounts of added COOH groups needed to reach characteristic conditions (i.e., high-affinity adsorption limit, IEP and overcharging) in the carboxylate@MNP dispersions at pH ~6.5 and I = 0.01 M.

Characteristic points	CA	GA	PAA	PAM
	mmol COOH/g MNP
High-affinity adsorption limit	0.33	0.17	-	0.32
Isoelectric point (charge neutralization)	0.45	0.05	0.13	0.17
Complete overcharging	~0.8	0.4	0.4	0.4