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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Mar 19;1829(0):590–603. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.03.005

Table 4.

XRNs affecting key biological processes/functions

XRNa Mutant phenotypeb Other name(s) References
XRN1
ScXRN1 Reduced growth rate
Microtubule destabilization
Reduced sporulation
Defects in filamentous growth
SEP1
KEM1
KEM1		 [52]
[196]
[146]
[145]
CaXRN1 Defects in filamentous growth KEM1 [148]
CeXRN1 Defective ventral enclosure during embryogenesis XRN-1 [61]
AtXRN4 Insensitivity to ethylene
Suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)
Enhances drought tolerance of xrn2/xrn3 mutantc 		EIN5/AIN1 [150-153]
[154, 156]
[97, 164]
TbXRN1 Reduced growth rate XRNA [65]
DmXRN1 Reduced male fertility
Reduced female fertility
Defects in epithelial sheet sealing		 PACMAN [143]
[142]
[180]
XRN2
ScXRN2 Cell lethality
Reduced sporulation		 RAT1 [51]
[166]
SpXRN2 Cell lethality
Defects in chromosomal segregation during mitosis		 DHP1 [167]
[57]
AtXRN3 Embryo lethality [156]
AtXRN2/3 Suppression of PTGS
Reduced fertility
Activation of high-light responses
Activation of drought responses; drought tolerant		 [156]
[156]
[163]
[163, 164]
a

At, Arabidopsis thaliana; Ca, Candida albicans; Ce, Caenorhabditis elegans; Dm, Drosophila melanogaster; Sc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sp, Schizosaccharomyces pombe; Tb, Trypanosoma brucei

b

Phenotype(s) reported for indicated xrn mutant

c

Triple mutant (xrn2/xrn3/xrn4) is more drought tolerant than double mutant