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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Pulse. 2011 Nov;2(6):40–50. doi: 10.1109/MPUL.2011.942766

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Examples of noteworthy technologies in the movement towards diagnostic devices that are free of dedicated instrumentation. (A) The Delamarche group has developed capillary-based microfluidics in hybrid silicon/PDMS device for the pump-free manipulation of fluids [56]. (B) The Ozcan lab has demonstrated the use of a compact adapter that couples to a cell phone for fluorescence and dark-field imaging of assay results [88]. (C) The Whitesides lab has developed μPADs for multiplexed detection in paper assays [59]. (D) The Henry lab has developed electrochemical detection in paper using screen-printed electrodes [69]. (E) Two-dimensional paper networks (2DPN) for autonomous multi-step sample processing, and thus higher performance assays have been demonstrated by the collaboration of Yager, Lutz, and Fu [89].