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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Nurse. 2009 Sep 1;29(6):41–55. doi: 10.4037/ccn2009612

Table 4.

Phases of an assisted ventilated breath associated with patient-ventilator dyssynchronya

Phase of an assisted ventilated breath Type of patient-ventilator dyssynchrony
Patient initiates a breath Trigger asynchrony

  1. Ineffective effort

  2. Failure to trigger

  3. Double triggering

  4. Auto-triggering
Patient demands air flow from ventilator Flow asynchrony
End of inspiration and breath triggering Termination asynchrony

  1. Premature

  2. Delayed
End of expiration Expiratory asynchrony
a

Based on data from Nilsestuen and Hargett.14