Exhibit 3.
Associations Between Physician Characteristics and Costs, Overall and by Type of Care*
| Overall | Acute Care | Chronic Care | Preventive Care | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, Physicians | 12,116 | 11,427 | 10,269 | 7,168 | ||||
| n, Episodes | 2,861,093 | 2,857,995 | 2,747,629 | 2,540,984 | ||||
| Mean Number of Episodes per Physician | 236.1 | 250.1 | 267.6 | 354.5 | ||||
| Parameter | Mean | p-value | Mean | p-value | Mean | p-value | Mean | p-value |
| M.D. vs. D.O. | 0.9% | 0.64 | −1.3% | 0.61 | 2.7% | 0.27 | 0.8% | 0.62 |
| Female vs. Male | 1.2% | 0.14 | −1.3% | 0.22 | 0.7% | 0.46 | 9.0% | <.0001 |
| Board Certified vs. No Certification | 1.1% | 0.39 | 4.4% | 0.04** | −2.8% | 0.16 | 2.1% | 0.14 |
| Years of Experience | ||||||||
| <10 Years | 13.2% | <.0001 | 15.4% | <.0001 | 16.6% | <.0001 | −7.2% | 0.002 |
| 10-19 Years | 10.0% | <.0001 | 9.7% | <.0001 | 16.5% | <.0001 | −6.5% | 0.002 |
| 20-29 Years | 6.5% | <.0001 | 6.2% | 0.00 | 10.7% | <.0001 | −6.2% | 0.004 |
| 30-39 Years | 2.5% | 0.05** | −1.2% | 0.51 | 11.0% | <.0001 | −3.6% | 0.08 |
| ≥40 Years | ref | . | ref | . | ref | . | ref | . |
| Domestic Medical School vs. Int'l Medical School | 0.6% | 0.50 | 0.5% | 0.74 | 1.7% | 0.16 | 0.6% | 0.57 |
| 1+ Paid Malpractice Claims vs. None | 1.1% | 0.26 | 2.5% | 0.07 | −1.4% | 0.32 | 0.0% | 0.98 |
| 1+ Disciplinary Actions vs. None | −4.4% | 0.18 | −3.6% | 0.30 | −5.1% | 0.20 | 5.0% | 0.16 |
| Academic Affiliation vs. None | 1.5% | 0.46 | 2.1% | 0.39 | 1.4% | 0.59 | 3.0% | 0.21 |
| Size of physician group | ||||||||
| >200 physicians in group | 1.7% | 0.41 | 2.2% | 0.39 | −1.1% | 0.71 | 2.6% | 0.25 |
| 20-200 physicians in group | 0.4% | 0.70 | 0.8% | 0.50 | −1.8% | 0.24 | 0.2% | 0.91 |
| Solo Practice or <20 physicians in group | ref | . | ref | . | ref | . | ref | . |
| Each Additional 100 Attributed Episodes to Physician | −0.3% | 0.004 | −0.3% | 0.001 | 0.1% | 0.36 | −0.2% | 0.25 |
SOURCE: The information in this exhibit is derived from the authors’ own analyses
*
NOTES: Results of multivariate model with covariates as listed in table. The percentages displayed in the table can be interpreted as the percent difference in overall costs associated with that characteristic. For example, in the Overall column, physicians with less than 10 years of experience have 13.2 percent higher costs than physicians with 40 or more years of experience.
**
These differences should not be considered statistically significant. As detailed in text, we have controlled for multiple comparisons. Our false detection rate is 0.0214 Source: authors’ own analyses