Table 2.
Estimated means (EM),a observed means (OM), observed standard deviations (SD), standard deviations based on linear mixed-models variance estimates (SDm), and effect sizes from pretreatment (pre) to posttreatment (post) and pretreatment to 6-month follow-up (6 m) for the intervention and the delayed-treatment control group.
| Measures | Intervention (n=52) | Delayed treatment (n=54) | Effect size (Cohen’s d)b | ||||||||||||
|
|
EM | OM | SD | SDm | EM | OM | SD | SDm | Pre-post | Pre-6 m | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B | Wi | Wdt | B | Wi | Wdt | |
| BDI-II | 0.65 | –0.98 | –0.65 | –0.12 | –0.81 | –1.02 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 21.37 | 21.13 | 6.85 |
|
21.85 | 22.27 | 6.74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 weeks | 15.15c | 14.20c | 8.15 | 5.86 | 19.07 | 18.63 | 8.64 | 4.63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 13.39 | 12.45 | 9.32 | 10.35 | 11.86 | 12.82 | 10.98 | 9.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BAI | 0.08 | –0.41 | –0.35 | –0.12 | –0.48 | –0.65 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 12.23 | 12.05 | 11.10 |
|
15.10 | 15.33 | 10.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 8.80 | 8.36 | 9.26 | 8.21 | 12.30 | 12.83 | 8.10 | 8.03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 7.46 | 7.07 | 6.61 | 10.37 | 9.19 | 9.41 | 9.79 | 9.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HADS Depression | 1.10 | –1.17 | –0.11 | –0.10 | –0.53 | –0.65 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 8.21 | 8.08 | 2.92 |
|
7.40 | 7.61 | 3.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 4.67 | 4.24 | 2.61 | 3.13 | 7.07 | 7.19 | 3.63 | 2.70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 5.91 | 5.76 | 4.05 | 4.29 | 4.66 | 4.85 | 3.77 | 4.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HADS Anxiety | 0.74 | –0.60 | 0.13 | –0.13 | –0.52 | –0.55 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 9.14 | 8.81 | 3.95 |
|
9.15 | 9.59 | 4.59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 7.15 | 6.74 | 3.69 | 3.29 | 9.52 | 10.07 | 4.18 | 3.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 6.99 | 6.57 | 4.16 | 3.99 | 6.40 | 6.94 | 4.79 | 4.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| SWLS | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.12 | –0.12 | 0.35 | 0.52 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 16.41 | 16.54 | 5.25 |
|
16.83 | 16.36 | 5.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 20.38 | 21.46 | 6.04 | 4.60 | 17.28 | 17.21 | 5.02 | 3.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 18.66 | 19.00 | 6.63 | 6.42 | 19.79 | 20.00 | 6.91 | 5.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| EQ-5D VAS | 0.47 | 0.79 | 0.42 | –0.01 | 0.71 | 0.55 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 58.59 | 59.13 | 18.68 |
|
56.01 | 54.93 | 17.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 71.13 | 73.88 | 15.30 | 16.35 | 61.67 | 60.77 | 17.09 | 13.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 70.12 | 71.79 | 14.65 | 16.04 | 67.78 | 66.41 | 20.86 | 21.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| EQ-5D Index | 0.22 | 0.59 | 0.26 | –0.33 | 0.26 | 0.74 | |||||||||
|
|
Pretreatment | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.23 |
|
0.61 | 0.60 | 0.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Posttreatment | 0.75 | 0.80 | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 0.24 | 0.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 months | 0.70 | 0.72 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.20 | 0.21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
aEstimated means (except for BAI) are adjusted for the covariates baseline BAI score and age.
bB: between-group effect size; Wi: within-group effect size for the intervention group; Wdt=within-group effect size for the delayed-treatment group.
cEstimated mean after completing treatment=12.43, observed mean after completing treatment=11.34.