Table 4. Univariate analysis using the logistic regression model of the associations between potential risk factors and drug resistance (n = 489).
|
Any drug resistance
|
INH resistance
|
SM resistance
|
RMP resistance
|
MDR
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||
| Age (in years) | ≥45 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| <45 | 1.85 | 1.26–2.71 | 1.85 | 1.21–2.83 | 1.77 | 1.16–2.69 | 2.53 | 0.93–6.90 | 2.25 | 0.82–6.21 | |
| Sex | Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Female | 0.72 | 0.45–1.14 | 1.06 | 0.65–1.71 | 0.63 | 0.38–1.06 | 0.33 | 0.08–1.42 | 0.36 | 0.08–1.58 | |
| Smoking* | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.69 | 1.14–2.51 | 1.28 | 0.84–1.96 | 2.00 | 1.28–3.14 | 1.89 | 0.69–5.18 | 1.67 | 0.60–4.64 | |
| HIV status | Negative | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Positive | 1.98 | 1.06–3.70 | 2.07 | 1.10–3.89 | 2.30 | 1.22–4.31 | 4.74 | 1.85–12.16 | 5.40 | 2.07–14.07 | |
| Number of lymphocytes (cells/mm3) | |||||||||||
| ≥1,000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| <1,000 | 1.74 | 1.01–3.01 | 1.61 | 0.91–2.85 | 1.63 | 0.92–2.89 | 1.99 | 0.71–5.54 | 2.23 | 0.79–6.30 | |
| Smear** | 0.91 | 0.76–1.11 | 0.90 | 0.73–1.11 | 0.88 | 0.72–1.09 | 0.89 | 0.57–1.37 | 0.92 | 0.58–1.44 | |
| MTB strain | Non-Beijing | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Beijing | 2.00 | 1.35–2.95 | 2.11 | 1.37–3.26 | 1.95 | 1.26–3.00 | 1.68 | 0.68–4.16 | 1.84 | 0.70–4.83 | |
| Clustered | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.66 | 1.13–2.44 | 2.08 | 1.36–3.20 | 1.16 | 0.77–1.75 | 1.08 | 0.45–2.62 | 1.12 | 0.44–2.83 | |
| BMI | 18.5–24.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
| <16 | 0.85 | 0.49–1.49 | 0.72 | 0.38–1.36 | 0.95 | 0.52–1.74 | 0.69 | 0.19–2.49 | 0.82 | 0.22–3.04 | |
| 16–18.4 | 1.02 | 0.68–1.51 | 0.99 | 0.65–1.51 | 1.03 | 0.67–1.58 | 0.64 | 0.26–1.57 | 0.76 | 0.30–1.93 | |
| ≥25 | 1.54 | 0.21–11.11 | 2.44 | 0.34–17.67 | 0.85 | 0.09–8.33 | - | - | |||
| Residential area | |||||||||||
| Suburban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| New urban | 1.97 | 1.18–3.29 | 1.70 | 0.96–3.03 | 1.42 | 0.82–2.45 | 1.64 | 0.45–6.01 | 1.64 | 0.45–6.01 | |
| Old urban | 1.98 | 1.15–3.40 | 2.15 | 1.18–3.91 | 1.38 | 0.78–2.46 | 2.14 | 0.57–7.98 | 1.69 | 0.44–6.53 | |
INH: isoniazid; SM: streptomycin; RMP: rifampicin; MDR: multidrug-resistance; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: body mass index; MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; OR: odd ratios; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval
* Includes ex-smoking.
** OR per unit change of smear positivity (scanty, 1+, 2+, 3+).
Bold type indicates significant associations.