Figure 2. Pathways linking Parental Work Schedules to Adolescent Risky Behaviors, Full Sample.

Note: N = 4175. CFI=.957; RMSEA=.022; χ²(df=60)=183.857. Numbers shown are standardized coefficients. A bolded line represents a mediated pathway that is significant at at least the 5% level. Notations M and F indicate where a path from a mediator to an outcome is relevant only in conjunction with the mother’s or father’s work schedule, respectively. Model controls for child’s gender, race/ethnicity, having siblings, born low birth weight, mother’s age, marital status, and education at birth, family income the year before birth, number of years receiving welfare, number of years living in single-mother families, mother smoking during pregnancy, mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy, mothers’ average weekly work hours, number of years mothers working at professional, sales, or service-sector jobs, and father’s average weekly work hours. Standard errors were adjusted using bootstrapping to account for dependency across families. p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.