Table 2.
Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes resulting from cluster analysis of participants diagnosed via conventional MCI criteria (left) and cluster analysis of participants diagnosed via comprehensive criteria (right)
| Conventional MCI criteria
|
Comprehensive MCI criteria
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amnestic/language (n = 39) | Mixed (n = 31) | Cluster derived Normal (n = 64) | F | Sig | Dysexecutive (n = 13) | Amnestic (n = 34) | Mixed (n = 14) | Visuospatial (n = 19) | F | Sig | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||||
| Age | 76.1 (7.4) | 79.4 (7.7) | 73.6 (8.6) | 5.45 | p <.01 | 80.1 (7.1) | 72.6 (8.1) | 80.2 (9.1) | 73.1 (7.7) | 5.06 | p <.01 |
| Education | 16.3 (2.2) | 14.9 (2.6) | 16.5 (2.3) | 5.10 | p <.01 | 14.6 (3.2) | 15.9 (2.4) | 15.4 (2.4) | 16.8 (2.4) | 2.04 | p = .12 |
| Gender (F/M) | 14/25 | 18/13 | 43/21 | χ2 = 9.7 | p <.01 | 9/4 | 12/22 | 7/7 | 16/3 | χ2 = 13.1 | p <.01 |
| Cluster analysis measures | |||||||||||
| Language | |||||||||||
| Boston Naming Test | −0.5 (1.0) | −1.2 (1.5) | 0.0 (0.6) | 12.43 | p <.001 | −0.7 (1.1) | −0.5 (0.8) | −1.8 (1.5) | 0.2 (0.4) | 11.23 | p <.001 |
| Animal Fluency | −1.0 (0.7) | −0.9 (0.9) | −0.1 (0.8) | 13.99 | p <.001 | −1.7 (0.3) | −0.6 (0.7) | −1.4 (0.5) | −0.1 (0.5) | 20.94 | p <.001 |
| Letter Fluency | −1.1 (0.8) | −0.5 (1.3) | 0.0 (1.2) | 11.25 | p <.001 | −1.6 (1.0) | −0.8 (0.9) | −0.5 (1.1) | 0.2 (1.1) | 8.86 | p <.001 |
| Memory | |||||||||||
| CVLT Long-Delay free recall | −1.4 (0.8) | −1.6 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.8) | 60.48 | p <.001 | −0.4 (0.9) | −1.3 (0.7) | −2.2 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.7) | 29.93 | p <.001 |
| CVLT Recognition Accuracy | −1.3 (1.3) | −1.7 (1.6) | 0.2 (0.7) | 33.91 | p <.001 | −0.1 (0.9) | −1.2 (1.1) | −2.7 (1.5) | 0.5 (0.6) | 23.50 | p <.001 |
| LM Delayed Recall | −1.0 (1.0) | −1.8 (0.9) | 0.2 (1.0) | 38.61 | p <.001 | −0.6 (0.9) | −1.4 (1.1) | −2.5 (0.7) | 0.4 (0.9) | 26.70 | p <.001 |
| LM Recognition Accuracy | −0.6 (2.0) | −1.0 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.7) | 8.63 | p <.001 | −0.3 (0.6) | −0.5 (0.9) | −2.4 (2.3) | 0.3 (0.8) | 13.05 | p <.001 |
| Executive Function | |||||||||||
| Trail Making Test Part B | −0.8 (0.9) | −2.4 (2.7) | −0.1 (0.9) | 18.32 | p <.001 | −4.1 (2.8) | −0.5 (0.8) | −2.1 (1.9) | −0.4 (1.1) | 13.12 | p <.001 |
| D-KEFS CWIT I/S | −0.8 (1.5) | −1.6 (2.5) | −0.1 (1.2) | 8.37 | p <.001 | −1.0 (1.9) | −0.6 (1.8) | −2.6 (2.9) | −0.6 (1.3) | 3.26 | p = .03 |
| Attention | |||||||||||
| WAIS Digit Span Forward | −0.1 (1.3) | −0.2 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.3) | 0.50 | p = .60 | −0.8 (1.1) | 0.1 (1.2) | −0.5 (0.9) | 0.1 (1.4) | 3.04 | p = .03 |
| D-KEFS TMT Visual Scan | −0.7 (1.6) | −0.6 (1.0) | −0.1 (0.8) | 1.95 | p = .15 | −1.0 (1.3) | −0.2 (1.3) | −0.3 (0.6) | −0.6 (0.8) | 2.73 | p = .05 |
| Visuospatial/Visual Memory | |||||||||||
| WISC Block Design | −0.3 (0.9) | −2.1 (0.9) | −0.3 (1.3) | 22.32 | p <.001 | −2.0 (1.2) | −0.8 (1.1) | −1.8 (1.1) | −1.0 (1.6) | 1.95 | p = .13 |
| VR Immediate recall | −0.3 (0.9) | −2.0 (1.3) | 0.0 (1.0) | 31.57 | p <.001 | −1.9 (1.8) | −0.6 (1.2) | −1.6 (1.2) | 0.0 (1.3) | 5.52 | p = .002 |
Note: CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; CVLT recognition accuracy = yes/no hit rate minus yes/no false positive rate; LM = Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory; D-KEFS TMT and CWIT I/S = Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Trailmaking Test and Color-Word Interference Test Inhibition/Switching; WAIS Digit Span Forward = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised forward span length; WISC = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised; VR = Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Visual Reproduction