Distribution of V-ATPase in healthy control, celiac disease, or CF (Δ508 CFTR) human proximal duodenum. Immunohistochemical staining of V-ATPase V1E in healthy control, celiac disease, and CF (Δ508 CFTR) proximal human duodenum was performed as described in materials and methods. Low- (A–F, left) and high-magnification (A–F, right) images show the distribution of V-ATPase V1E (A–C) in healthy (A), celiac disease (B), and CF (ΔF508 CFTR) (C) proximal human duodenum and Brunner's gland. Intracellular staining (brown) in the Brunner's gland is indicated by black arrowhead. Negative control sections stained with isotype matched immunoglobulins in healthy (D), celiac disease (E), and CF (ΔF508 CFTR) (F) proximal human duodenum and Brunner's gland. Scale bar =10 or 100 μm.