Table 1.
Summary of results from simultaneous blood pressure and ECG measurements in HH18 chicken embryos
| Variables | NL | OTB | CON |
|---|---|---|---|
| TV, ms | 407 ± 21 | 414 ± 21 | 405 ± 20 |
| TAOS, ms | 390 ± 20 | 383 ± 19 | 406 ± 18 |
| TDA, ms | 400 ± 31 | 393 ± 13 | 401 ± 30 |
| ΔPV, mmHg | 1.05 ± 0.19 | 1.66 ± 0.19 | 1.09 ± 0.14 |
| ΔPAOS, mmHg | 0.94 ± 0.12 | 1.26 ± 0.16 | 0.94 ± 0.11 |
| ΔPDA, mmHg | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.98 ± 0.08 | 0.83 ± 0.13 |
| PV, mmHg | 0.33 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.11 | 0.34 ± 0.15 |
| PAOS, mmHg | 0.33 ± 0.13 | 0.68 ± 0.14 | 0.35 ± 0.11 |
| PDA, mmHg | 0.46 ± 0.09 | 0.75 ± 0.11 | 0.49 ± 0.12 |
| Maximum dPV/dt | 5.04 ± 0.93 | 5.41 ± 0.36 | 5.02 ± 1.08 |
| Maximum dPAOS/dt | 5.31 ± 0.56 | 5.79 ± 1.04 | 5.21 ± 0.46 |
| Maximum dPDA/dt | 2.45 ± 0.32 | 3.33 ± 0.89 | 2.53 ± 0.42 |
| ΦV, ms | 132 ± 13 | 218 ± 9 | 146 ± 13 |
| ΦAOS, ms | 174 ± 7 | 212 ± 14 | 182 ± 16 |
| ΦDA, ms | 503 ± 14 | 577 ± 13 | 505 ± 9 |
| φV | 0.33 ± 0.03 | 0.55 ± 0.03 | 0.36 ± 0.03 |
| φAOS | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.53 ± 0.03 | 0.45 ± 0.03 |
| φDA | 1.26 ± 0.02 | 1.44 ± 0.03 | 1.26 ± 0.02 |
Values are means ± SD. Data are shown for the following three groups of embryos considered: 1) normal (NL) embryos, 2) outflow tract (OFT)-banded (OTB) embryos, and 3) control (CON) embryos. Subscripts V, AOS, and DA correspond to measurements performed in the ventricle, aortic sac, and dorsal aorta, respectively. HH18, Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18; T, period of the cardiac cyle; ΔP, amplitude of the pulse pressure wave; P, diastolic pressure (minimum pressure); maximum dP/dt, maximum rate of pressure change; Φ, time lag for blood pressure to peak after cardiac depolarization marked by the R peak of the ECG signal; φ, normalized Φ (φ = Φ/T). Note that ΦDA and φDA reported here include a delay of one cardiac cycle.