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Treatment with ER stress inhibitors TUDCA or PBA can normalize phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Top, representative Western blot images of p-ERK1/2, total ERK1/2, and β-actin. Bottom, corresponding graphs showing the relative expression measured using densitometry analysis with phosphorylated-to-total values normalized to β-actin. Data are means ± SE (n = 6). *P < 0.05 vs. control WKY rats.
