Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study sample according to body mass index (BMI in kg/m2) assessed in medical school. Data from The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study (1947-2005). Percents in parentheses represent column percents.
| Normal (BMI < 25) n = 923 |
Overweight (BMI 25 to < 30) n = 192 |
Obese (BMI ≥ 30) n = 17 |
Total n = 1132 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at BMI assessment | 23.1 (2.4) | 23.4 (2.9) | 23.1 (2.7) | 23.1 (2.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.2 (1.7) | 26.5 (1.2) | 32.3 (2.1)† | 23.1 (2.5) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 115 (8.5) | 119 (10.6) | 127 (14.6)† | 116 (9.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69 (6.4) | 72 (7.2) | 77 (11.6)† | 70 (6.8) |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | 46 (8.2) | 47 (9.6) | 50 (10.9) | 46 (8.5) |
| Coffee intake, cups per day | 2.2 (1.8) | 2.6 (2.1) | 2.8 (1.8) | 2.3 (1.8) |
| Alcohol, drinks per week | 6.4 (3.9) | 6.9 (4.2) | 6.8 (3.8) | 6.5 (4.0) |
| Vigorous exercise per week | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.8 (1.1) |
| Cigarette smokers, No. (%) | 437 (47.3) | 86 (44.8) | 14 (82.4)‡ | 537 (47.4) |
| Parental premature hypertension #, No. (%) | 257 (27.8) | 70 (36.5) | 9 (52.9) | 336 (29.7) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise specified. Denominators may vary because of missing data.
†
P<.001, from analysis of variance
‡
P<.05, from χ2 analysis
#
Premature hypertension defined as development of hypertension before age 55 in a participant’s father or before age 65 in his mother. Includes either or both parents having premature hypertension.