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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011 Jan 3;68(5):516–526. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.190

Table 2.

Shiffman-Jarvik Withdrawal Scalea

Item Mean (SEM) Change Score at Time 1
Mean (SEM) Change Score at Time 2
Varenicline Group P Value Placebo Group P Value Varenicline Group P Value Placebo Group P Value
Craving 0.95 (0.38) .03 2.03 (0.55) .008 0.85 (0.51) .13 1.65 (0.49) .01
Psychological discomfort 0.15 (0.33) .66 0.13 (0.44) .78 −0.06 (0.35) .88 −0.00 (0.49) .99
Physical symptoms 0.03 (0.14) .83 0.46 (0.59) .47 0.24 (0.27) .39 −0.21 (0.24) .42
Stimulation or sedation −1.21 (0.38) .009 −0.17 (0.39) .69 −0.52 (0.21) .03 −0.25 (0.32) .46
Appetite −0.27 (0.41) .52 0.13 (0.44) .79 0.23 (0.30) .47 0.38 (0.35) .32
a

Paired samples’ t test between pre- and postscan scores at time 1 (prerandomization) and at time 2 (on the 21st day of a 3-week medication regimen). At time 1, only craving was affected by exposure to smoking cues in all subjects and when subjects were grouped by medication type. At time 2, craving decreased significantly from before to after exposure to smoking cues in the varenicline group, but no significant change was observed in the placebo group. The varenicline group reported a decrease in stimulation at both time points, whereas the other items remained unchanged in both groups. P values in bold indicate statistical significance at an α level of less than .05.