Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Study Population, Stratified by Four Time Periods.
| Calendar-Year of AF Diagnosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Variable | Overall (n=4,498) | 1980-1984 (n=808) | 1985-1989 (n=913) | 1990-1994 (n=1,181) | 1995-2000 (n=1,596) | P-value* |
| Age (years) | 73.0±14.4 | 72.9±14.5 | 72.6±14.2 | 72.9±14.7 | 73.4±14.3 | 0.07 |
| Men | 2,298 (51%) | 403 (50%) | 457 (50%) | 616 (52%) | 822 (52%) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.1 ±6.2 | 25.8±5.3 | 26.3±5.6 | 27.3±6.3 | 28.0±6.6 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138±20 | 137±22 | 143±21 | 140±20 | 135±19 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78±11 | 79±11 | 80±10 | 79±11 | 75±11 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate at AF (bpm) | 112±32 | 113±32 | 115±32 | 111±31 | 112±32 | 0.15 |
| Paroxysmal AF | 3,311 (74%) | 572 (71%) | 676 (74%) | 864 (73%) | 1,199 (75%) | <0.01 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 916 (20%) | 186 (23%) | 182 (20%) | 234 (20%) | 314 (20%) | 0.05 |
| Coronary revascularization | 559 (12%) | 44 (5.4%) | 80 (8.8%) | 151 (13%) | 284 (18%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 523 (12%) | 62 (7.7%) | 89 (10%) | 136 (12%) | 236 (15%) | <0.0001 |
| Prior heart failure | 439 (10%) | 59 (7.3%) | 82 (9.0%) | 127 (11%) | 171 (11%) | <0.01 |
| Valvular heart disease | 1,095 (24%) | 129 (16%) | 209 (23%) | 297 (25%) | 460 (29%) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 584 (13%) | 104 (13%) | 131 (14%) | 157 (13%) | 192 (12%) | 0.14 |
| Carotid artery disease | 200 (4.4%) | 25 (3.1%) | 41 (4.5%) | 55 (4.7%) | 79 (4.9%) | 0.05 |
| Stroke history | 423 (9.4%) | 86 (11%) | 82 (9.0%) | 123 (10%) | 132 (8.3%) | 0.06 |
| Systemic hypertension | 3,591 (80%) | 567 (70%) | 731 (80%) | 958 (81%) | 1,335 (84%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 812 (18%) | 145 (18%) | 143 (16%) | 220 (19%) | 304 (19%) | 0.18 |
| Smoker | 2,522 (56%) | 423 (52%) | 518 (57%) | 667 (56%) | 914 (57%) | 0.08 |
| Regular alcohol use | 532 (12%) | 88 (11%) | 118 (13%) | 151 (13%) | 175 (11%) | 0.75 |
| Chronic renal disease | 747 (17%) | 143 (18%) | 133 (15%) | 184 (16%) | 287 (18%) | 0.42 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 971 (22%) | 189 (23%) | 224 (25%) | 237 (20%) | 321 (20%) | <0.01 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 86 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.4%) | 15 (1.3%) | 67 (4.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 47 (1.0%) | 10 (1.2%) | 18 (2.0%) | 8 (0.7%) | 11 (0.7%) | <0.05 |
| Malignancy history | 1,201 (27%) | 168 (21%) | 235 (26%) | 306 (26%) | 492 (31%) | <0.0001 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or number (percentage).
*
P value for trends across calendar-year of AF diagnosis, considered as a continuous variable, by linear regression analysis for continuous variables and logistic regression analysis for binary variables, with adjustment for age and sex.