Table 4.

Phase V Campus Study, Predictive Validity using Crude Logistic Regression Analyses (N = 520 students)

Variables	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Intrapersonal Stream
Ultimate Underlying Causes
Inattentiona	2.08 (1.63, 2.67)**
Hyperactivitya	2.42 (1.80, 3.24)**
Sensation-Seekinga	2.07 (1.62, 2.65)**
Gender
Female	1.00
Male	1.18 (0.79, 1.79)
Race/Ethnicity
White	1.00
Asian or Pacific Islander	0.22 (0.07, 0.72)*
Other	0.92 (0.50, 1.69)
Age	1.00 (0.95, 1.06)
Year in School
1st year	1.00
2nd year	2.29 (0.87, 6.03)
3rd year	3.37 (1.33, 8.55)**
4th year	4.07 (1.63, 10.17)**
5th year or postbac	4.65 (1.75, 12.36)**
International Student Status
Domestic	1.00
International	0.80 (0.26, 2.47)
Enrollment Credits	0.94 (0.85, 1.04)
Distal Predisposing Influences
Psychological Distressb	1.45 (1.13, 1.86)**
Academic Concernb	1.73 (1.34, 2.24)**
Grades
A	1.00
B	3.29 (1.85, 5.85)**
C	6.21 (2.91, 13.27)**
ADHD Diagnosis
Never Diagnosed	1.00
Ever Diagnosed	2.92 (1.61, 5.31)**
Proximal Immediate Predictors
Avoidance Self-Efficacyc	0.24 (0.18, 0.31)**
Social Situation/Context
Ultimate Underlying Causes
Residence
Off-Campus Housing	1.00
Campus Housing	0.21 (0.10, 0.48)**
Distal Predisposing Influences
Greek Life
Non-member	1.00
Member	1.42 (0.84, 2.40)
Varsity Sports
Non-member	1.00
Member	1.43 (0.83, 2.48)
Relationship Status
Not in a relationship	1.00
In a relationship and NOT living together	0.96 (0.61, 1.50)
In a relationship and living together	0.75 (0.39, 1.42)
Strength of Relationshipsd
Friends	1.09 (0.84, 1.43)
Family	0.93 (0.72, 1.19)
Faculty/ Staff	0.81 (0.66, 1.01)
Perceptions of IUPS by Socializing Agentse
Friends	4.02 (2.88, 5.63)**
Family	3.16 (2.34, 4.26)**
Faculty/ Staff	1.05 (0.82, 1.35)
Endorsement of IUPS by Socializing Agentsf
Friends	4.06 (3.08, 5.35)**
Family	3.72 (2.30, 6.02)**
Faculty/ Staff	1.93 (1.21, 3.08)**
Proximal Immediate Predictors
Perception of Prevalence Rates
Friends IUPS	1.06 (1.04, 1.07)**
Campus IUPS	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)**
Sociocultural Environment
Ultimate Underlying Causes
Financial-Related Stressb	1.31 (1.11, 1.54)**
Participation in Religious Activitiesb	0.66 (0.55, 0.79)**
Exposure to Prescription Drug Media on Televisiona	1.03 (0.85, 1.23)
Exposure to Prescription Drug Print Mediaa	0.87 (0.72, 1.04)
Campus Culture – Perc. of Academic Demand #1a	1.39 (1.07, 1.80)*
Campus Culture – Perc. of Academic Demand #2a	1.10 (0.90, 1.35)
Campus Culture – Perc. of Sub. Use During Collegea	1.46 (1.16, 1.83)**
Campus Culture – Perc. of HC Providers Rx writinga	1.17 (0.95, 1.44)
Distal Predisposing Influences
Interactions with Social Institutionsa	1.28 (1.04, 1.58)*
Interactions with Soc. Inst. Influencing Valuesa	0.73 (0.52, 1.03)
Informationa	1.10 (0.91, 1.32)
Information Influencing Knowledgea	1.18 (0.98, 1.42)
IUPS Expectanciesg
Positive Expectancies	3.53 (2.68, 4.65)**
Negative Expectancies	0.74 (0.60, 0.92)**
Proximal Immediate Predictors
Knowledge about Prescription Stimulantsa	1.34 (1.08, 1.67)**
Costs/Benefits of IUPSa	5.91 (3.72, 9.38)**
Immediate Precursors
IUPS Intentionsh	8.17 (5.66, 11.80)**
Related Behaviors
Substance Useh	3.62 (2.82, 4.66)**

^*p < 0.05

^**p < 0.01

^aResponse options for items and composite range from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree

^bResponse options for items and composite range from 1 = None of the time to 5 = All of the time

^cResponse options for items and composite range from 1 = Not at all confident to 5 = Completely confident

^dResponse options for items range from 1 = Very Weak to 5 = Very strong

^eResponse options for items range from 1 = Very Negatively to 5 = Very Positively

^fResponse options range from 1 = None to 5 = All

^gResponse options range from 1 = Very Unlikely to 4 = Very Likely

^hResponse options range from 1 = Never to 7 = 40 or more times