Table 2.

Rates and RR (95% CI) or HRs (95% CIs) for Outpatient Visits, ED Visits, and Hospitalizations by Frailty Status

Variable	Not Frail (n = 116)	Intermediate Frail (n = 248)	Frail (n = 84)	p Value for Trend*
Outpatient visits
Event rate†	19.60	23.52	26.11
Unadjusted RR	1.00	1.13 (0.98–1.31)	1.30 (1.08–1.57)	0.007
Fully adjusted RR‡	1.00	1.08 (0.92–1.27)	1.13 (0.92–1.39)	0.242
ED visits
Event rate†	1.16	1.70	2.20
Unadjusted HR	1.00	1.48 (1.12–1.95)	1.86 (1.32–2.62)	<0.001
Fully adjusted HR‡	1.00	1.60 (1.15–2.24)	1.92 (1.30–2.83)	0.001
Hospitalizations
Event rate†	0.90	1.18	1.79
Unadjusted HR	1.00	1.32 (1.01–1.73)	1.90 (1.38–2.60)	<0.001
Fully adjusted HR‡	1.00	1.22 (0.89–1.68)	1.65 (1.17–2.34)	0.004

^*p value for 1 degree of freedom test.

^†Unadjusted rate per person-year.

^‡Adjusted for age, sex, ejection fraction, incident versus prevalent heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, anemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

CI = confidence interval; ED = emergency department; HR = hazard ratio; RR = risk ratio.