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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Res. 2013 Jul-Aug;62(4):218–225. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e31829999d7

Table 1.

Overall Mean Frequency of Positive and Negative Emotion Expression (per 20 minutes)

Behavior M (SD) Range
Positive facial emotional expression 5.89 (5.88) 0.00 – 38.50
Positive verbal emotional expression 1.91 (3.00) 0.00 – 22.71
Positive body/posture emotional expression 5.72 (5.26) 0.00 – 28.80
Sum of PEE items 13.51 (12.49) 0.00 – 90.01
Negative facial emotional expression 0.44 (0.86) 0.00 – 9.75
Negative verbal emotional expression 0.13 (0.63) 0.00 – 15.88
Negative body/posture emotional expression 1.00 (1.71) 0.00 – 35.00
Sum of NEE items 1.57 (2.26) 0.00 – 50.88

Note. PEE = positive emotional expression; NEE = negative emotional expression.