TABLE 3.
Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and plasma 8-isoprostane F2α-III concentrations at baseline after a 4-wk run-in period of an SFA-rich reference diet and at 24 wk after random assignment to an HS, HM, or HC1
| HS (n = 30) | HM (n = 44) | HC (n = 38) | P | |
| Baseline arterial diameter (mm) | ||||
| HS run-in | 3.62 ± 0.612 | 3.64 ± 0.60 | 3.65 ± 0.79 | — |
| Follow-up | 3.75 ± 0.99 | 3.60 ± 0.56 | 3.58 ± 0.72 | — |
| Change with treatment3 | 0.13 (−03, 0.29) | −0.03 (−0.17, 0.10) | −0.08 (−0.22, 0.10) | 0.164 |
| Flow-mediated dilation (endothelium dependent) (%) | ||||
| HS run-in | 6.4 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 6.6 ± 2.2 | — |
| Follow-up | 6.8 ± 2.3 | 6.8 ± 2.4 | 6.7 ± 2.4 | — |
| Change with treatment3 | 0.3 (−0.4, 1.1) | −0.2 (−0.8, 0.5) | 0.1 (−0.6, 0.7) | 0.79 |
| GTN-mediated dilation (endothelium independent) (%) | ||||
| HS run-in | 11.2 ± 3.1 | 11.4 ± 3.1 | 11.5 ± 4.4 | — |
| Follow-up | 11.1 ± 3.6 | 11.7 ± 3.3 | 11.2 ± 3.8 | — |
| Change with treatment3 | −0.1 (−1.3, 1.2) | 0.3 (−0.8, 1.4) | −0.3 (−1.4, 0.9) | 0.56 |
| PWVc-f (arterial stiffness) (m/s)4 | ||||
| HS run-in | 8.20 (7.61, 8.83) | 7.51 (7.07, 7.98) | 7.47 (6.99, 7.97) | — |
| Follow-up | 8.13 (7.55, 8.73) | 7.72 (7.27, 8.19) | 7.40 (6.94,7.89) | — |
| Percentage of change with treatment | −1.0 (−6.2, 4.3) | 2.7 (−1.4, 6.9) | −1.0 (−5.5, 3.4) | 0.62 |
| Supine systolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||
| HS run-in | 119.0 ± 18.2 | 115.3 ± 12.5 | 116.7 ± 15.3 | — |
| Follow-up | 118.4 ± 14.7 | 115.5 ± 12.4 | 113.1 ± 12.3 | — |
| Change with treatment3 | −0.5 (−4.2, 3.2) | 0.1 (−2.9, 3.2) | −3.6 (−6.9, −0.4) | 0.07 |
| Supine diastolic BP (mm Hg) | ||||
| HS run-in | 72.2 ± 8.9 | 71.8 ± 6.1 | 70.5 ± 8.9 | — |
| Follow-up | 70.8 ± 8.8 | 69.2 ± 6.5 | 67.7 ± 7.1 | — |
| Change with treatment3 | −1.4 (−3.4, 0.5) | −2.7 (−4.2, −0.5) | −2.8 (−4.6, −1.1) | 0.30 |
| Plasma 8-isoprostane F2α-III (pmol/L)4 | ||||
| HS run-in | 175 (161, 213) | 175 (155, 204) | 180 (160, 203) | — |
| Follow-up | 176 (155, 198) | 185 (166, 205) | 188 (168, 210) | — |
| Percentage of change with treatment | 1 (−12, 14) | 6 (−5, 16) | 4 (−7, 16) | 0.71 |
P values are for treatment effects expected in the 3 groups derived from ANCOVA of the value with treatment regressed against age, sex, BMI, and ethnicity and the value at run-in. BP, blood pressure; GTN, glycerol trinitrate; HC, low-SFA/high-carbohydrate diet; HM, low-SFA/high-MUFA diet; HS, high-SFA diet; PWVc-f, carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity.
Mean ± SD (all such values).
All values are means; 95% CIs in parentheses.
All values are geometric means; 95% CIs in parentheses. Data were log transformed.