TABLE 4.
Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P-trend | |
Strict definition of depression (diagnosis and antidepressant use) | ||||||
No. of events | 557 | 544 | 633 | 607 | 661 | — |
Person-years | 103,056 | 103,092 | 102,949 | 103,039 | 102,908 | — |
Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.15 (1.02, 1.30) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | 1.23 (1.06, 1.43) | 0.002 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 1.09 (0.97, 1.24) | 1.04 (0.90, 1.18) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) | 0.12 |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.06) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 0.97 (0.85, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.50 |
Broad definition of depression (diagnosis and/or antidepressant use) | ||||||
No. of events | 1408 | 1422 | 1508 | 1503 | 1572 | — |
Person-years | 102,202 | 102,222 | 102,074 | 102,148 | 101,993 | — |
Model 1 | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 1.26 (1.15, 1.39) | <0.001 |
Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.27) | 0.01 |
Model 3 | 1.00 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 1.04 (0.96, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.12) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 0.08 |
Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate RRs (95% CIs). Model 1 was adjusted for age (mo) and total caloric intake (continuous). Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 and for BMI (continuous), smoking, physical activity (quintiles), menopause status, use of hormonal replacement therapy [never (reference), past, or current], marital status, caffeine (quintiles), multivitamin use (yes or no), retired (yes or no), participation in a community group or volunteering (yes or no), and reported diagnosis of cancer, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease (myocardial infarction or angina), or diabetes. Model 3 was adjusted as for model 2 and the 5-item Mental Health Inventory at baseline (continuous). All models were adjusted for indicators of missing dietary pattern information in the years 1986–2006.