Table 1. Characteristics of the study groups.
| HIV patients | Controls | HIV patients vs. controls | |||
| Mean | ±SEM/(%) | Mean | ±SEM/(%) | p-value * | |
| Number | 105 | 105 | |||
| Male gender | 93 | (89%) | 93 | (89%) | |
| Age (years) | 47.4 | ±0.83 | 47.4 | ±0.83 | |
| Tobacco users | |||||
| Current | 39 | (37%) | 39 | (37%) | |
| Former | 11 | (10%) | 11 | (10%) | |
| Hemodynamics | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.7 | ±1.71 | 123.3 | ±1.48 | 0.003 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84.0 | ±1.12 | 81.9 | ±1.13 | 0.2 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 46.7 | ±1.44 | 41.4 | ±1.51 | 0.015 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | 99.5 | ±1.16 | 95.7 | ±1.04 | 0.024 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 80.1 | ±1.13 | 70.4 | ±1.46 | <0.001 |
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Height (cm) | 178.4 | ±0.86 | 178.6 | ±0.79 | 0.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.8 | ±1.34 | 81.9 | ±1.22 | 0.09 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 93.1 | ±1.02 | 92.9 | ±1.13 | 0.9 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.7 | ±0.33 | 25.7 | ±0.35 | 0.037 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.97 | ±0.02 | 2.00 | ±0.02 | 0.12 |
| Risk calculations | |||||
| Metabolic syndrome | 40 | (38%) | 18 | (17%) | <0.001 |
| Framingham 10 yr CHD risk (%) | 8.6 | ±0.6 | 7.7 | ±0.6 | 0.09 |
| DAD 5 yr estimated risk (%) | 3.9 | ±0.4 | − | − | |
| Plasma values | |||||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.85 | ±0.11 | 5.17 | ±0.10 | <0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.60 | ±0.10 | 3.27 | ±0.09 | 0.019 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.34 | ±0.04 | 1.39 | ±0.04 | 0.4 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.17 | ±0.18 | 1.14 | ±0.06 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.63 | ±0.07 | 5.29 | ±0.10 | 0.006 |
| HIV parameters | |||||
| CD4 cell count (106/L) | 636 | ±25 | |||
| CD4 nadir (106/L) | 171 | ±11 | |||
| HIV duration (years) | 12.3 | ±0.64 | |||
| ART duration (years) | 8.9 | ±0.41 | |||
| HIV RNA <40 copies/mL | 94 | (90%) | |||
| ≥2 NRTIs +1 NNRTI | 65 | (62%) | |||
| ≥2 NRTIs +≥1 PI | 25 | (24%) | |||
| NRTI+NNRTI+PI | 6 | (6%) | |||
| NRTI+PI+NNRTI+II | 1 | (1%) | |||
| PI+NNRTI+II | 1 | (1%) | |||
| PI+EI+II | 2 | (2%) | |||
| Other | 5 | (5%) | |||
*) Paired t-test or Related sample McNemar's test when categorical variables. NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptaseinhibitor. PI, proteaseinhibitor. II, integraseinhibitor. EI, entry inhibitor.CHD, coronary heart disease.