Table 2. Cardiovascular imaging and biomarker results.

	HIV patients		Controls		HIV patients vs. controls(adjusted p value&)
	Mean	±SEM/(%)	Mean	±SEM/(%)	p-value *
Carotis intima media thickness
Maximum (mm)	0.659	±0.013	0.649	±0.012	0.5 (0.4)
Minimum (mm)	0.566	±0.011	0.559	±0.010	0.7 (0.3)
Mean (mm)	0.613	±0.011	0.604	±0.010	0.6 (0.3)
Coronary artery calcium score	54.3	±16.7	105.0	±40.4	0.5 (0.8)
Median	0		0
0	66	(63%)	79	(75%)	0.04#
>0 and ≤100	27	(26%)	18	(17%)
>100	12	(11%)	8	(8%)	0.5 §
Pericardial fat volume (mL)	211	±13	156	±10	<0.001 (0.7)
Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
hsCRP (µg/mL)	7.70	±1.05	3.54	±0.48	<0.001 (0.002)
E-selectin (ng/mL)	33.2	±1.3	22.5	±1.2	<0.001 (0.001)
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)	1,252	±24	1,147	±19	0.001 (0.001)
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)	168.7	±6.7	120.4	±4.2	<0.001 (0.001)
MMP9 (ng/mL)	125.6	±8.5	86.0	±4.2	<0.001 (0.004)
tPAI-1 (ng/mL)	65.9	±3.3	68.5	±3.8	0.6 (0.04)
Endothelin (ng/mL)	2.27	±0.21	2.15	±0.20	0.7 (0.7)
Myocardial perfusion defect	19	(18%)	0	(0%)	<0.001
Reversible	14	(13%)	0	(0%)
Irreversible	5	(5%)	0	(0%)

*) Paired t-test or related sample McNemar's test when categorical variables. hsCRP, high.sensitivity C-reactive protein. sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. sICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1. MMP9, matrix metallopeptidase 9. tPAI-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

#) Dichotomized in 0 or above;

^§) dichotomized in ≤100 or >100;

&) adjusted for metabolic syndrome, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose using a random effects linear regression model.