Table 2.

Item-Level Response Data (MMSE Total Scores and Proportions Responding Correctly).

	Total (N = 244)	Age Group			Education
		Near-centenarian (n= 109)	Centenarian (n= 135)	p	High (n= 122)	Low (n= 115)	p
MMSE Total Score (SD)a	16.20 (8.80)	18.10 (8.20)	12.90 (8.20)	0.028	19.00 (7.50)	13.90 (9.10)	.001
Orientationb
What is the year	0.37	0.52	0.24	.001	0.48	0.26	.001
What season is this	0.48	0.55	0.42	.054	0.56	0.43	.051
What month is this	0.48	0.65	0.35	.001	0.58	0.41	.009
What date of the month	0.28	0.40	0.18	.001	0.39	0.18	.001
What is the day of the week	0.46	0.58	0.36	.001	0.53	0.40	.068
What town are we in	0.63	0.73	0.55	.005	0.71	0.57	.031
What county are we in	0.50	0.62	0.40	.001	0.58	0.43	.019
What state are we in	0.75	0.83	0.70	.025	0.85	0.70	.005
What is your home address	0.43	0.58	0.30	.001	0.51	0.37	.036
What is your phone number	0.36	0.50	0.24	.001	0.39	0.35	.591
Attentionb
Can repeat “toothbrush”	0.80	0.87	0.74	.015	0.89	0.75	.007
Can repeat “cigarette”	0.82	0.88	0.78	.043	0.91	0.77	.003
Can repeat “pen”	0.77	0.84	0.72	.033	0.87	0.70	.002
# of words correctly repeateda	2.39 (1.11)	2.59 (0.94)	2.24 (1.22)	.012	2.66 (0.83)	2.22 (1.23)	.001
Can repeat “no ifs, ands, or buts”	0.72	0.83	0.63	.001	0.87	0.57	.001
Concentrationb
First serial subtraction	0.43	0.54	0.34	.002	0.61	0.26	.001
Second serial subtraction	0.23	0.31	0.17	.010	0.32	0.16	.057
Third serial subtraction	0.20	0.28	0.14	.010	0.30	0.11	.011
Fourth serial subtraction	0.19	0.26	0.14	.033	0.33	0.06	.001
Fifth serial subtraction	0.20	0.29	0.13	.001	0.30	0.10	.002
# of correct subtractionsa	1.26 (1.75)	1.68 (1.90)	0.92 (1.54)	.001	1.85 (1.93)	0.70 (1.34)	.001
Spells “world” backwards	0.29	0.39	0.39	.005	0.38	0.22	.010
# of letters correctly spelleda	2.28 (2.08)	2.73 (2.08)	1.92 (2.01)	.002	1.76	2.88 (1.95)	.001
Memoryb
Recall “toothbrush”	0.13	0.17	0.17	.184	0.20	0.07	.003
Recall “cigarette”	0.18	0.24	0.13	.044	0.24	0.13	.166
Recall “pen”	0.18	0.24	0.13	.028	0.24	0.12	.115
# of items recalleda	0.50 (0.89)	0.66 (0.96)	0.36 (0.80)	.010	0.67 (1.02)	0.34 (0.71)	.004
Language and Praxisb
Can name a “watch”	0.84	0.93	0.76	.001	0.93	0.76	.001
Can name a “pencil”	0.86	0.92	0.81	.017	0.93	0.79	.002
Takes paper in right hand	0.73	0.80	0.68	.043	0.78	0.70	.234
Folds in half	0.78	0.85	0.73	.019	0.85	0.72	.017
Puts it on the floor	0.71	0.77	0.65	.049	0.80	0.64	.009
Can read and follow instruction	0.73	0.84	0.63	.001	0.84	0.62	.001
Is a complete sentence	0.55	0.65	0.47	.007	0.67	0.46	.001
Copies the drawings of pentagons	0.19	0.28	0.11	.001	0.25	0.13	.021

	Sex			Race			Residence Status
	Female (n= 207)	Male (n= 37)	p	Black (n= 52)	White (n= 192)	p	Community (n= 91)	SNF/PCH (n= 153)	p
MMSE Total Score (SD)a	15.7 (8.9)	18.8 (7.7)	.041	11.8 (9.0)	17.4 (8.4)	.001	2.2 (7.1)	13.8 (8.9)	.001
Orientationb
What is the year	0.34	0.51	.062	0.23	0.40	.024	0.52	0.28	.001
What season is this	0.46	0.57	.285	0.39	0.51	.159	0.68	0.36	.001
What month is this	0.47	0.54	.480	0.33	0.53	.012	0.60	0.41	.005
What date of the month	0.27	0.32	.551	0.17	0.31	.057	0.44	0.18	.001
What is the day of the week	0.44	0.54	.285	0.33	0.49	.042	0.64	0.35	.001
What town are we in	0.61	0.73	.198	0.54	0.65	.148	0.82	0.51	.001
What county are we in	0.48	0.57	.376	0.33	0.54	.008	0.71	0.37	.001
What state are we in	0.73	0.89	.038	0.60	0.80	.006	0.91	0.66	.001
What is your home address	0.39	0.65	.004	0.31	0.46	.059	0.71	0.26	.001
What is your phone number	0.33	0.51	.040	0.25	0.39	.075	0.52	0.26	.001
Attentionb
Can repeat “toothbrush”	0.78	0.89	.180	0.67	0.83	.018	0.95	0.71	.001
Can repeat “cigarette”	0.81	0.89	.348	0.71	0.85	.023	0.95	0.75	.001
Can repeat “pen”	0.76	0.81	.672	0.69	0.79	.140	0.91	0.69	.001
# of words repeateda	2.36 (1.14)	2.59 (0.93)	.173	2.08 (1.33)	2.48 (1.03)	.047	2.80 (0.60)	2.15 (1.27)	.001
Can repeat “no ifs, ands, or buts”	0.71	0.78	.429	0.56	0.76	.005	0.80	0.67	.027
Concentrationb
First serial subtraction	0.39	0.68	.028	0.19	0.50	.001	0.54	0.37	.040
Second serial subtraction	0.22	0.32	.287	0.12	0.27	.032	0.35	0.16	.082
Third serial subtraction	0.17	0.38	.013	0.08	0.23	.014	0.31	0.14	.097
Fourth serial subtraction	0.17	0.30	.175	0.08	0.22	.022	0.32	0.12	.019
Fifth serial subtraction	0.17	0.35	.045	0.06	0.24	.002	0.33	0.12	.020
# of correct subtractionsa	2.02 (1.98)	1.12 (1.67)	.012	1.46 (1.81)	.52 (1.24)	.001	1.85 (1.94)	0.91 (1.53)	.001
Spells “world” backwards	0.29	0.32	.695	0.09	0.34	.001	0.81	0.56	.112
# of letters correctly spelleda	2.23 (2.07)	2.57 (2.10)	.366	1.02 (1.65)	2.63 (2.05)	.001	2.63 (1.95)	2.08 (2.13)	.046
Memoryb
Recall “toothbrush”	0.13	0.14	.759	0.04	0.16	.020	0.20	0.09	.001
Recall “cigarette”	0.17	0.22	.816	0.08	0.21	.052	0.24	0.14	.606
Recall “pen”	0.15	0.32	.035	0.10	0.20	.092	0.20	0.16	.387
# of items recalleda	0.46 (0.86)	0.68 (1.00)	.181	0.21 (0.67)	0.57 (0.92)	.002	0.66 (1.01)	0.40 (0.79)	.037
Language and Praxisb
Can name a “watch”	0.82	0.95	.054	0.69	0.88	.003	0.97	0.76	.001
Can name a “pencil”	0.84	0.97	.038	0.75	0.89	.024	0.97	0.79	.001
Takes paper in right hand	0.72	0.81	.315	0.67	0.75	.290	0.87	0.65	.001
Folds in half	0.78	0.78	.999	0.64	0.82	.007	0.90	0.71	.001
Puts it on the floor	0.69	0.81	.170	0.62	0.73	.124	0.84	0.63	0.001
Can read and follow instruction	0.71	0.81	.236	0.56	0.77	.005	0.89	0.63	0.001
Is a complete sentence	0.56	0.54	.860	0.35	0.61	.001	0.68	0.48	0.002
Copies the drawings of pentagons	0.17	0.27	.175	0.10	0.21	.071	0.25	0.15	0.062

Notes. Georgia Centenarian Study, 2001–2009. (N = 244, ages 98–108 years). MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination. Education High = High School Graduate and Postsecondary; Education Low = Some High School and Less than High School. SNF/PCH = Skilled nursing facility or personal care home. Raw p values are presented in table. Multiple comparisons of correct item responses are adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg Approach (1995), boldface figures indicate H₀ rejected.

^aIndependent-sample t tests;

^bFisher’s exact tests.