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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Jan 12;1247:83–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06292.x

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Helminth types successfully used to control immunological diseases. Helminths are divided into two phyla. The Nemathelminthes phylum contains the roundworms (Nematodes). The Platyhelminthes phylum contains the tapeworms (Cestodes) and the flukes (Trematodes). Although they are all called worms, the genetic distance between Nemathelminthes and Platyhelminthes is vast. The ability to parasitize another organism developed independently within these groups.