Table 1.
Biochemically documented template-dependent DNA polymerases found in humans or E. coli
| Name | Alternate designations | Polymerase family | Function (or functions) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | |||
| Pol γ | A | Mitochondrial DNA replication and repair | |
| Pol θ | PolH | A | ? Repair of DNA cross-links |
| Pol α | B | Priming DNA synthesis | |
| Pol δ | B | DNA replication; nucleotide and base excision repair | |
| Pol ɛ | B | DNA replication; nucleotide and base excision repair | |
| Pol ζ | Rev3p | B | TLS |
| Pol β | X | Base excision repair | |
| Pol λ | X | ? | |
| Pol μ | X | ? | |
| Trf4p | Pol κ | X | Sister chromatid cohesion |
| Pol η | Rad30Ap XP-V | UmuC | Relatively accurate TLS past cis-syn cyclobutane dimers |
| Pol ι | Rad30Bp | UmuC | ? |
| Pol κ | DinB1p PolQ Pol θ | UmuC | ? |
| Rev1p | Deoxycytidyl transferase | UmuC | TLS |
| E. coli | |||
| Pol I | A | Maturation of Okazaki fragments; nucleotide excision repair | |
| Pol II | DinA | B | Induced replisome reactivation; TLS |
| Pol III | C | DNA replication; nucleotide excision repair | |
| Pol IV | DinB | UmuC | Adaptive mutagenesis, TLS |
| Pol V | UmuC or UmuD′2C | UmuC | TLS (“SOS mutagenesis”) |
See text and ref. 24 for additional information.