Table 3.
Adjusted Relative Risk (95% confidence interval) for Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC) at 18-20 mos
| Hypoplasiaa |
Any Defectsa |
ECCb |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | RR (95% CI) | p value | RR (95% CIc) | p value | RR (95% CI) | p value |
| Birth group | ||||||
| NBW (reference) | ||||||
| VLBW | 4.77 (2.82, 9.95) | < .001* | 2.27 (1.64, 3.34) | < .001* | 0.98 (0.43, 2.04) | 0.96 |
| Socio-economic status (SES) | ||||||
| High (reference) | ||||||
| Low | 1.08 (0.61, 2.05) | .8 | 1.02 (0.69, 1.59) | .93 | 0.64 (0.17, 2.92) | 0.52 |
| Race | ||||||
| Other (reference) | ||||||
| Black | 0.53 (0.31, 0.92) | .03* | 0.75 (0.50, 1.16) | .18 | 2.21 (0.19, 17.23) | 0.47 |
| Education | ||||||
| ≥ 12 yrs (reference) | ||||||
| < 12 yrs | 0.94 (0.38, 1.94) | .87 | 0.95 (0.53, 1.59) | .85 | 0.85 (0.12, 2.08) | 0.82 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married (reference) | ||||||
| Other | 1.51 (0.82, 3.17) | .23 | 1.62 (1.03, 2.82) | .06 | 0.84 (0.16, 6.99) | 0.86 |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||
| 21-35 (reference) | ||||||
| < 21 | 1.15 (0.57, 2.13) | .67 | 1.02 (0.64, 1.66) | .93 | 0.58 (0.11, 2.47) | 0.49 |
| > 35 | 1.14 (0.28, 2.46) | .78 | 1.05 (0.45, 1.81) | .9 | 0.90 (0.11, 3.81) | 0.91 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male (reference) | ||||||
| Female | 0.80 (0.46, 1.36) | .37 | 0.71 (0.49, 1.01) | .06 | 0.72 (0.13, 1.92) | 0.61 |
| Hospital of birth | ||||||
| UH (reference) | ||||||
| Metro | 1.38 (0.79, 2.36) | .21 | 1.25 (0.82, 1.85) | .24 | 0.38 (0.08, 1.84) | 0.21 |
a
Beta-binomial (BB) model.
b
Zero-inflated Beta-binomial (ZIBB) model.
c
Out of the 27 analyses shown in the Table, 21 used all 2,000 bootstrap samples for the confidence interval, 4 used between 1,997 and 1,999 samples, and 2 used 1,891 and 1,987 samples, respectively.
VLBW, very low birthweight; NBW, normal birthweight.
*
Significant at p < .05.