Table 1.
Characteristics Among Adults < 125 % Federal Poverty Level (FPL) with Continuous Insurance Coverage (N = 5,739)*
| Demographic variable | Total† | Fully insured (n = 4,031) | Underinsured (n = 1,708) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Census region | |||
| Midwest | 1,060 (21.1) | 700 (20.5) | 360 (22.3) |
| South | 1,968 (32.3) | 1,296 (29.8) | 672 (37.1) |
| West | 1,615 (23.4) | 1,230 (25.0) | 385 (20.3) |
| Northeast | 1,096 (23.1) | 805 (24.7) | 291 (20.3) |
| Race/ethnicity‡ | |||
| White | 3,692 (67.7) | 2,518 (64.5) | 1,174 (74) |
| Black | 1,668 (24.4) | 1,250 (27.4) | 418 (18.7) |
| Asian | 175 (4.1) | 131 (4.5) | 44 (3.3) |
| American Indian/ Alaska native | 56 (1.1) | 35 (1.0) | 21 (1.1) |
| Other | 148 (2.7) | 97 (2.6) | 51 (2.8) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 1,656 (17.5) | 1,305 (20.2) | 351 (12.5) |
| Income | |||
| 100–124 % FPL | 1,396 (23.9) | 1,121 (28.3) | 275 (15.5) |
| < 100 %FPL | 4,343 (76.1) | 2,910 (71.7) | 1,433 (84.5) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 2,038 (35.0) | 1,553 (38.5) | 485 (28.3) |
| Unmarried | 3,701 (65.0) | 2,478 (61.5) | 1,223 (71.7) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 2,227 (30.7) | 1,646 (33.2) | 581 (26.1) |
| High school or greater | 3,475 (69.3) | 2,350 (66.8) | 1,125 (73.9) |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 3,306 (55.9) | 1,990 (46.4) | 1,316 (73.8) |
| Employed | 2,426 (44.1) | 2,034 (53.6) | 392 (26.2) |
| Health status | |||
| Poor | 582 (9.5) | 277 (6.3) | 305 (15.4) |
| Fair | 1213 (19.8) | 745 (17.7) | 468 (23.9) |
| Good | 1738 (29.2) | 1272 (30.2) | 466 (27.1) |
| Very good | 1308 (24.7) | 1007 (25.8) | 301 (22.8) |
| Excellent | 896 (16.8) | 728 (20.0) | 168 (10.8) |
| Insurance type | |||
| Full year private only | 1,805 (39.2) | 1,254 (37.4) | 551 (42.8) |
| Full year medicaid only | 3,121 (46.4) | 2,380 (52.5) | 741 (35.0) |
| Full year medicare only | 320 (6.0) | 115 (3.2) | 205 (11.4) |
| Full year dual medicaid/medicare | 493 (8.3) | 282 (6.9) | 211 (10.8) |
| Financial characteristics | |||
| Mean household income (N = 5,636) | $11,015 (10,614–11,417) | $13,541 (13,066–14,017) | $6,181 (5,772–6,589) |
| Mean out-of-pocket spending on health care for self/family | $464 (429–499) | $121 (111–130) | $1,115 (1,027–1,204) |
*Rao-Scott chi-square p value calculated for categorical variables and student’s T-test p value calculated for continuous variables were all < 0.001
†Data are presented as unadjusted counts (weighted percentage) or mean (95 % confidence interval).
‡Two categories of the race variable provided through the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey database were collapsed due to low frequency; “Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander” and “Multiple Races Reported” were reported as “Other”