Figure 2. Average log₂ expression for all sex-biased genes.

Panel A, autosomal male-biased and female-biased genes in females (red), subordinate males (light blue) and dominant males (dark blue). Panel B, autosomal male-biased genes ranked by male-bias. Panel C, autosomal female-biased genes ranked by female bias, and Panel D, Z-linked male-biased genes ranked by male-bias. Whiskers extend to the most extreme data point, excluding outliers that exceeded 1.5× the interquartile range. Significant p-values as calculated by Wilcoxon tests are indicated by asterisks above each comparison between dominant and subordinate males (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, **** p<0.0001).