Table 2. Systemic and topical OVA sensitization results in inflammation, disturbs epidermal barrier homeostasis, and induces PPARδ target gene expression in skin.

		Fold change
Gene name	Symbol	OVA i.p.	OVA i.p.+e.c.
Immune response
Keratin 17	Krt17	1.6±0.2*	1.7±0.2**
Th1-type
Interleukin 12A	Il12a	1639±719	2613±740*
Interferon γ	Ifng	11.1±5.4	22.1±2.8**
Th2-type
Interleukin 4	Il4	11.7±4.5	92.7±30.9** #
Interleukin 10	Il10	12.4±5.5	32.7±13.1*
Chemokine (CC motif) ligand 11/eotaxin 1	Ccl11	0.2±0.2	13.8±5.1* #
Chemokine (CC motif) receptor 3	Ccr3	63.7±34.4	1763±534*** ##
Epidermal barrier homeostasis
ATP-binding cassette A121	Abca12	0.3±0***	0.6±0.1*** ##
Involucrin	Ivl	0.6±0.1*	0.4±0***
Loricrin	Lor	0.5±0*	0.8±0.1#
Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal-type 5	Spink5	0.2±0***	0.4±0***
Matrix metalloproteinase 9	Mmp9	0.1±0***	0.6±0.1##
S100 calcium binding protein A7A/psoriasin	S100a7a	2.6±0.3**	2.1±0.3*
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 21	Hmgcs2	0.4±0.1	4.4±1.1** ##
Serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2	Sptlc2	1.2±0.3	33.8±10.6** ##
UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase	Ugcg	196±16.9***	161±14.4***
Alkaline ceramidase 1	Acer1	2.2±0.6	3.9±0.3*** #
PPARδ signaling
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ	Ppard	0.4±0**	0.6±0*
Fatty acid-binding protein 5	Fabp5	1.7±0.3	2.2±0.2**
ATP-binding cassette A121	Abca12	0.3±0***	0.6±0.1*** ##
Keratin 6B	Krt6b	5.8±0.6	632±177** ##
Keratin 16	Krt16	0.5±0	5.7±1.2*** ###
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	Hbegf	1.1±0.1	2.1±0.3* #
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 21	Hmgcs2	0.4±0.1	4.4±1.1** ##

e.c., epicutaneous; i.p., intraperitoneal; OVA, ovalbumin; Th, T-helper cell.

¹Enumerated twice because the gene is relevant for two pathways.

Fold change data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6) and were determined in skin specimen of sensitized mice by TLDA or qRT-PCR. Statistical significance (p) was tested using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.

^* p<0.05,

^** p<0.01,

^*** p<0.001, versus control (PBS i.p.);

^# p<0.05,

^## p<0.01, and ^### p<0.001, versus OVA i.p.