Table 2. Baseline parameters in non-smokers and habitual smokers before (pre) and after (post) acute smoking.
| Non-smokers (n=17) | Habitual smokers (n=15) | p-values | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-smoking | Post-smoking | Pre-smoking | Post-smoking | Interaction | Treatment | Group | |
| Nicotine (ng mL-1) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 4.5 ± 2.0** | 4.1 ± 5.1tt | 16.8 ± 7.9** tt | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| VAS (out of 10) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 6.0 ± 2.0 | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.87 |
| HR (beats min-1) | 61 ± 7 | 69 ± 12 | 64 ± 10 | 72 ± 10 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.37 |
| SAP (mmHg) | 117 ± 16 | 121 ± 16 | 108 ± 9 | 111 ± 9 | 0.90 | 0.19 | 0.02 |
| DAP (mmHg) | 62 ± 10 | 67 ± 8 | 61 ± 10 | 66 ± 9 | 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.85 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 79 ± 13 | 84 ± 10 | 78 ± 9 | 83 ± 9 | 0.60 | 0.01 | 0.59 |
| MCAv (cm s-1) | 69 ± 14 | 69 ± 13 | 72 ± 9 | 73 ± 11 | 0.18 | 0.69 | 0.40 |
| CVCi (cm s-1 mmHg) | 0.89 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.23 | 0.93 ± 0.16 | 0.89 ± 0.17 | 0.76 | 0.04 | 0.50 |
| PETCO2 (mmHg) | 39 ± 2 | 37 ± 2 | 38 ± 2 | 37 ± 3 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.39 |
Values are means ± SD. VAS, visual analogue scale; HR, heart rate; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCAv, mean cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery; CVCi, cerebrovascular conductance index; PETCO2, partial pressure of end-tidal CO2. When an interaction was observed, symbols for post-hoc analysis were **p < 0.01 vs. pre-smoking values and ttp < 0.01 vs. non-smokers.