Fig. 1.

Population attributable fraction functions under transformation models Λ(t | X) = G{t exp(β X)}, where X is Bernoulli with success probability p. (a) corresponds to p = 0.2 and β = 0.5, (b) p = 0.2 and β = 1.0, (c) p = 0.5 and β = 0.5, and (d) p = 0.5 and β = 1.0. The solid, dashed and dotted curves pertain to the proportional hazards model, the proportional odds model and the Box–Cox transformation with ρ = 2, respectively.