Table 3.

Estimation of level-2 predictors of depressive tendency

	Estimate	SE	t	(df)	P
Level of depressive tendency at an initial point
Intercept	15.709	.301	52.12	(488)	.000
Gender (male = 1, female = 0)	−0.456	.292	−1.56	(488)	.118
Health status	−1.923	.179	−10.75	(488)	.000
Economic status	−0.345	.164	−2.10	(488)	.036
Social Participation	−0.371	.185	−2.01	(488)	.045
Interaction with friends	−0.231	.076	−3.06	(488)	.003
The number of children	−0.578	.271	−2.13	(488)	.033
Infrequent conversations with spouse   (infrequent conversations with spouse = 1,   widows/widowers/divorced = 0)	0.730	.339	2.16	(488)	.031
Frequent conversations with spouse   (frequent conversations with spouse = 1,   widows/widowers/divorced = 0)	−0.418	.351	−1.19	(488)	.235
Gender × the number of children	0.664	.359	1.85	(488)	.064
Change rate of depressive tendency for one year
Intercept	0.158	.077	2.05	(493)	.041
Gender (male = 1, female = 0)	−0.155	.104	−1.49	(493)	.137
Health	0.224	.071	3.17	(493)	.002
The number of children	0.284	.101	2.81	(493)	.006
Gender × the number of children	−0.298	.135	−2.20	(493)	.028