Table 3.

Description of Tasks Administered to Brown Capuchins at Living Links, Edinburgh Zoo

Task	Description
1	During each trial a food reward was placed in front of one of two compartments. The location of the food reward (left or right compartment) was randomly selected for each new trial. The goal was for the monkey to learn that by walking and sitting in the compartment that had the food directly in front of it, the researcher would hand them the food. If the monkey failed to do this, no food was delivered, and the trial was ended. Monkeys received a maximum of 12 trials per session, with each trial separated by 5–7 seconds.
2	During each trial two white-opaque cups were placed in front of one of the two compartments. The position of each cup (left or right compartment) was randomly selected for each new trial. The two cups differed in size, with one cup twice as tall (height: 19cm, diameter: 6.4cm) as the other cup (height: 9.5cm, diameter: 6.4cm). For this task, the goal was for the monkey to learn that by moving and sitting in the compartment facing the larger cup, they would receive a food reward that was hidden inside the cup. The larger cup was always the ‘winner’, the smaller cup was always the ‘loser’. If the monkey failed a trial, no food was delivered, and the trial was ended. Monkeys received a maximum of 12 trials per session, with each trial separated by 5–7 seconds.
3	During each trial, two opaque cups were placed in front of the monkey. Each cup was placed directly in front of one of two compartments. Compartments were separated by a transparent door that was half-way open, and monkeys could walk freely between them. The position of each cup (left or right compartment) was randomly selected for each new trial. Both cups were the same size, shape, and color, and only differed by a symbol that was labelled on the front of each cup: the first cup had a large “X” on it, the second cup had a large “O” on it. For this task, the goal was for the monkey to learn that by moving and sitting in the compartment facing the “X” cup, they would receive a food reward that was located inside it. The “X” cup was always the ‘winner’ and the “O” cup was always the ‘loser’. If the monkey failed a trail, no food was rewarded, and the trial was ended. Monkeys received a maximum of 12 trials per session, with each trial separated by 5–7 seconds.