Table 1.
Characteristics of drug loaded microparticles prepared by the w/o/w solvent evaporation method.
| Drug encapsulated | Polymer used | Organic solvent used | Stabilizing agent used | Drug entrapment efficiency | Drug release profile | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propranolol HCl, Nifedipine | Eudragit RL and Eudragit RS | Methylene chloride | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | 51.7%, 88.1% |
The incorporated drugs were found to be controlled over periods of at least 8 h | Hombreiro-Perez et al. (2003) |
| MEP 421 | PLGA | Mixture of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate | PVA | 99.1% | Microparticles exhibited significant burst release followed by slow drug release for over one month | Yaju et al. (2008) |
| Bovine serum albumin | PLGA | Dichloromethane | PVA | 81% | Microparticles exhibited bi-exponential release with an initial burst release and a second sustained release phase | Igartua et al. (1997) |
| Acetaminophen | Poly(l-lactide) | Methylene chloride | PVA | 55.2% | Good controlled release behavior and fitted first order model | Lai and Tsiang (2005) |
| Pingyanmycin | PLGA | Dichloromethane | PVA | 65% | Microparticles sustainably release the drug over nearly 28 days | Han et al. (2010) |
| Insulin | Poly(lactic acid) and PEG | Dichloromethane | PVA | 42.74% | The release of insulin was approximately 75% with initial low burst release followed by a constant release over a period of one week. | Sheshala et al. (2009) |
| Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucle-otide | PLGA | Methylene chloride | PVA | 2.63% drug loading | Initial rapid release followed by a slower release | Ahmed and Bodmeier (2009) |
| Melittin | Poly(dl-lactic acid) and PLGA | Dichloromethane | PVA | 90% | Melittin was released completely during the study period of 30 days | Cui et al. (2005) |
| Recombinant human epidermal growth factor | Poly(l-lactic acid) | Methylene chloride | PVA | 92% | Optimized formulation showed low initial release and 11-day sustained release pattern | Han et al. (2001) |
| Serratiopeptidase | Eudragit S100 | Dichloromethane, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol | Tween 80 | 81.32% | The release of enzyme from microparticles followed Higuchi kinetics | Rawat and Saraf (2009) |
| Ovalbumin | Poly(dl-lactide and polyethylene glycol-co-poly-dl-lactide) | Methylene chloride | PVA | 96.04% | Protein release was sustained with very low burst effect | Dorati et al. (2008) |
| Bovine serum albumin | PLGA | – | – | 71% | The release rate was fairly constant after an initial burst release | Ravi et al. (2008) |
| Plasmid DNA | PLGA | Dichloromethane | PVA | 8.9% loading efficiency | Generate the strongest transfection efficiency | Zhang et al., 2008a,b |