Table 1.
Description of the sample, unadjusted and adjusted correlates of past year non-medical sedative or tranquilizer use in a community sample of US adults: Data from the 2002-2004 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
| Characteristic | Total unweighted N (weighted %) |
+ past-year non-medical sedative or tranquilizer use, N (weighted %) |
Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)* |
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | 92 020 (100) | 3 153 (2.3) | ||
| Sociodemographics, past year | ||||
| Men | 43 020 (48.1) | 1 541 (2.4) | 1 | 1 |
| Women | 49 000 (51.9) | 1612 (2.3) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 1.5 (1.2-1.7) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18-21 | 23 333 (7.8) | 1225 (5.5) | 7.1 (5.1-9.9) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| 21-25 | 21 881 (7.1) | 979 (4.7) | 6.0 (4.3-8.3) | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) |
| 26-34 | 13 993 (16.5) | 424 (3.4) | 4.2 (3.0-5.9) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| 35-49 | 20 443 (30.5) | 440 (2.3) | 2.9 (2.0-4.0) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| 50-80 | 12 370 (38.1) | 85 (0.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 63 050 (70.8) | 2 640 (2.8) | 3.0 (1.9-4.6) | 3.2 (2.1-4.9) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 10 784 (11.2) | 106 (1.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Hispanic | 12 042 (12.2) | 256 (1.5) | 1.5 (0.9-2.6) | 1.8 (1.0-3.1) |
| Other | 6 144 (5.8) | 151 (1.4) | 1.4 (0.8-2.6) | 2.0 (1.1-3.7) |
| Married | 36 408 (56.2) | 598 (1.4) | 0.4 (0.3-0.4) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) |
| Not married | 55 612 (43.8) | 2555 (3.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 66 909 (67.8) | 2 268 (2.5) | 1.7 (1.4-2.0) | 2.2 (0.8-5.6) |
| Unemployed | 5 185 (3.7) | 327 (6.0) | 4.2 (3.1-5.5) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) |
| Not in labor force | 19 926 (28.5) | 558 (1.5) | 1 | 1 |
|
Missed at least one day of work
last month for illness or absenteeism |
||||
| Yes, at least one day for each reason |
3 347 (2.4) | 246 (6.0) | 3.1 (2.4-4.0) | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) |
| Yes, at least one day for one of the reasons |
16 318 (14.6) | 729 (3.6) | 1.8 (1.5-2.3) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) |
| No | 47 540 (51.2) | 1303 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Education completed | ||||
| 8th grade or less | 3 609 (6.1) | 77 (1.2) | 1 | 1 |
| 9th 10th or 11th grade | 13 073 (11.3) | 601 (3.0) | 2.7 (1.6-4.5) | 1.0 (0.5-1.9) |
| 12th grade | 31 208 (32.0) | 1 041 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.2-3.4) | 1.0 (0.5-1.9) |
| Beyond 12th grade | 44 130 (50.7) | 1 434 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.2-3.4) | 1.1 (0.6-2.0) |
| Annual Household Income | ||||
| ≤20K | 23 917 (20.0) | 1007 (2.9) | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
| 20.1K – 40K | 24 516 (25.3) | 857 (2.5) | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) |
| 40.1K – 75K | 26 397 (30.3) | 775 (2.0) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
| >75K | 17 190 (24.4) | 514 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Population density | ||||
| MSA > 1million | 32 516 (44.7) | 1032 (2.3) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) |
| MSA < 1 million | 34 896 (33.3) | 1346 (2.6) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| Not an MSA | 24 608 (22.0) | 775 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Uninsured | 25 200 (19.4) | 1335 (4.5) | 2.6 (2.3-3.0) | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
| Not uninsured | 66 229 (80.6) | 1795 (1.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Medicaid insured | 9 147 (7.8) | 341 (3.0) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) |
| no | 82 426 (92.2) | 2 799 (2.3) | 1 | 1 |
| Arrested and booked for crime | 4 305 (2.7) | 485 (11.5) | 6.1 (4.8-7.8) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) |
| no | 86 645 (97.3) | 2 618 (2.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Mental Health, past year | ||||
| Serious mental illness score > 13 | 10 655 (9.0) | 928 (7.3) | 4.2 (3.5-4.9) | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) |
| no | 81 365 (91.0) | 2 225 (1.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Panic | 11 014 (9.9) | 948 (6.3) | 3.5 (2.9-4.1) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) |
| no | 80 761 (90.2) | 2 197 (1.9) | 1 | 1 |
| Major depressive episode | 6 459 (5.3) | 574 (7.7) | 4.0 (3.4-4.9) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
| no | 85 333 (94.8) | 2 570 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| Mania | 2 430 (1.8) | 287 (9.8) | 4.8 (3.6-6.4) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) |
| no | 89 396 (98.2) | 2 858 (2.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Social phobic symptoms | 10 636 (10.0) | 609 (4.6) | 2.3 (1.9-2.8) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) |
| no | 80 895 (90.0) | 2 530 (2.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Agoraphobic symptoms | 6 795 (6.7) | 420 (4.5) | 2.1 (1.7-2.6) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| no | 84 691 (93.3) | 2 718 (2.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Generalized anxiety | 2 100 (1.9) | 197 (8.2) | 3.9 (3.0-5.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| no | 89 096 (98.1) | 2 928 (2.2) | 1 | 1 |
| Post-traumatic stress | 3 439 (3.1) | 276 (7.2) | 3.5 (2.7-4.4) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| no | 88 172 (96.9) | 2 866 (2.2) | 1 | 1 |
|
Seen clinician, mental health
issues |
9 109 (9.8) | 683 (5.6) | 2.9 (2.5-3.5) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) |
| no | 82 696 (90.2 | 2 459 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
|
Prescribed medications, mental
health reason |
6 720 (7.6) | 558 (6.0) | 3.1 (2.5-3.7) | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) |
| no | 85 065 (92.4) | 2 584 (2.0) | 1 | 1 |
| General Health and Substance Use, past year | ||||
| Excellent/Very Good/Good health | 84 339 (87.5) | 2860 (2.3) | 1.0 (1.0-1.0) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) |
| Fair/Poor health | 7 665 (12.5) | 293 (2.3) | 1 | 1 |
| No alcohol use | 23 187 (31.1) | 172 (0.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Alcohol use | 57 252 (61.1) | 1670 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.5-4.5) | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence | 11 571 (7.8) | 1311 (9.9) | 16.2 (12.3-21.5) | 1.6 (1.1-2.2) |
| Smoked cigarettes | 37 168 (30.8) | 2400 (5.2) | 5.0 (4.3-5.8) | 1.3 (1.0-1.5) |
| no | 54 852 (69.2) | 753 (1.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Used a stimulant-effect drug | 5 206 (3.2) | 1413 (25.9) | 22.3 (19.2-25.8) | 3.3 (2.8-3.9) |
| no | 86 814 (96.8) | 1740 (1.6) | 1 | 1 |
| Used a non-stimulant effect drug | 20 464 (12.7) | 2 674 (13.9) | 24.8 (20.9-29.4) |
7.9 (6.2-
10.1) |
| no | 71 556 (87.3) | 479 (0.7) | 1 | 1 |
| Age of first illicit drug use | ||||
| Never used | 41 173 (53.8) | 139 (0.3) | 1 | 1 |
| ≤12 or less | 4 505 (3.5) | 534 (10.3) | 35.4 (25.4-49.3) | 3.1 (2.1-4.8) |
| 13-15 | 15 052 (10.9) | 1325 (7.5) | 25.1 (18.4-34.1) | 3.3 (2.3-4.8) |
| 16-18 | 20 266 (16.9) | 880 (3.6) | 11.6 (8.6-15.6) | 2.4 (1.7-3.4) |
| 19-25 | 9 179 (11.0) | 235 (2.5) | 8.0 (5.4-12.1) | 2.5 (1.6-4.0) |
| ≥26 | 1 740 (4.0) | 39 (2.5) | 7.8 (4.6-13.1) | 2.7 (1.6-4.7) |
| injected drugs, lifetime | 1 590 (1.8) | 307 (15.5) | 8.5 (6.7-10.8) | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) |
| no | 90 430 (98.2) | 2 846 (2.1) | 1 | 1 |
*
bold indicates statistical significance