Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of the patients and echocardiographic findings
| Characteristic | TAVI (n = 73) | AVR (n = 35) | PTAV/medical (n = 55) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 82 ± 5 | 83 ± 5 | 83 ± 5 | 0.47 |
| Male sex [n (%)] | 36 (49) | 16 (46) | 20 (36) | 0.34 |
| STS score (%) | 7.3 [5.7–10.6] | 6.6 [5.3–10.8] | 7.8 [5.9–11.9] | 0.104 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE (%) | 25.0 [17.2–35.0] | 18.0 [13–26.5] | 21.0 [13.7–33.5] | 0.068 |
| EuroSCORE II (%) | 7.8 [4.8–12.9] | 7.7 [4.2–13.6] | 7.3 [4.2–14.4] | 0.51 |
| NYHA class [n (%)] | ||||
| I or II | 6 (8) | 10 (29) | 7 (13) | 0.016 |
| III or IV | 67 (92) | 25 (71) | 48 (87) | |
| Coronary artery disease [n (%)] | 47 (64) | 19 (54) | 30 (55) | 0.44 |
| Previous myocardial infarction [n (%)] | 13 (18) | 4 (11) | 8 (15) | 0.68 |
| Previous intervention [n (%)] | ||||
| CABG | 17 (23) | 2 (6) | 10 (18) | 0.069 |
| Valve surgery | 2 (3) | 2 (6) | 2 (4) | 0.76 |
| PCI | 36 (49) | 4 (11) | 9 (16) | <0.001 |
| PTAV | 16 (22) | 3 (9) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Cerebral vascular disease [n (%)] | 34 (47) | 7 (20) | 16 (29) | 0.013 |
| Previous stroke or TIA [n (%)] | 16 (22) | 2 (6) | 12 (22) | 0.075 |
| Peripheral vascular disease [n (%)] | 26 (36) | 8 (23) | 16 (29) | 0.39 |
| Arterial hypertension [n (%)] | 51 (70) | 26 (74) | 43 (78) | 0.57 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 22 (30) | 7 (20) | 12 (22) | 0.42 |
| Hyperlipidemia [n (%)] | 54 (74) | 24 (69) | 39 (71) | 0.83 |
| COPD [n (%)] | ||||
| Any | 26 (36) | 4 (11) | 20 (36) | 0.020 |
| Requiring systemic immunosuppression or oxygen therapy | 19 (26) | 0 | 10 (18) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine > 2 mg/dl [n (%)] | 8 (11) | 4 (11) | 9 (16) | 0.64 |
| Atrial fibrillation [n (%)] | 27 (37) | 14 (40) | 20 (36) | 0.94 |
| Permanent pacemaker [n (%)] | 8 (11) | 2 (6) | 2 (4) | 0.31 |
| Pulmonary hypertension [n (%)] | 51 (70) | 24 (69) | 40 (73) | 0.90 |
| Frailty [n (%)] | 15 (21) | 4 (11) | 13 (24) | 0.36 |
| Extensively calcified aorta [n (%)] | 17 (23) | 3 (9) | 5 (9) | 0.056 |
| Previous chest wall radiation [n (%)] | 5 (7) | 2 (6) | 2 (4) | 0.83 |
| Echocardiographic findings | ||||
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 0.62 ± 0.17 | 0.65 ± 0.21 | 0.54 ± 0.15 | 0.010 |
| Mean aortic-valve gradient (mmHg) | 53 ± 17 | 48 ± 22 | 53 ± 23 | 0.42 |
| Mean LVEF (%) | 53 ± 13 | 50 ± 17 | 52 ± 14 | 0.57 |
AVR: surgical aortic valve replacement; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft surgery; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA class: New York Heart Association classification; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; PTAV: percutaneous transluminal aortic valvuloplasty; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TIA: transient ischaemic attack.
Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages, continuous data are presented as means ± standard deviations or medians [interquartile ranges], as appropriate.