Table 1:
Perioperative patient characteristics
| All patients (N = 39) | Vasoplegia (N = 15) | No vasoplegia (N = 24) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 65 (57–74) | 71 (57–77) | 64 (56–71) | 0.36 |
| Male gender (n, %) | 24 (62%) | 11 (73%) | 13 (54%) | 0.23 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27 (24–29) | 27 (25–30) | 27 (24–29) | 0.48 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125 (115–140) | 120 (105–130) | 128 (120–140) | 0.12 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70 (65–80) | 70 (60–80) | 73 (65–80) | 0.59 |
| Haemoglobin (mmol/l) | 8.6 (8.1–9.2) | 8.3 (7.8–9.2) | 8.6 (8.3–9.3) | 0.32 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 86 (74–103) | 93 (83–109) | 81 (73–99) | 0.19 |
| NT-proBNP (ng/l) | 1242 (578–2295) | 1598 (660–2449) | 898 (364–2257) | 0.11 |
| Logistic EuroSCORE (%) | 5.97 (3.07–9.79) | 6.96 (5.58–14.20) | 4.29 (2.08–7.75) | 0.02 |
| NYHA functional class | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes (n, %) | 9 (23%) | 4 (27%) | 5 (21%) | 0.71 |
| COPD (n, %) | 7 (18%) | 3 (20%) | 4 (17%) | 1.00 |
| AF (n, %) | 11 (28%) | 6 (40%) | 5 (21%) | 0.20 |
| Medication | ||||
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs (n, %) | 27 (69%) | 12 (80%) | 15 (63%) | 0.25 |
| Beta-blockers (n, %) | 28 (72%) | 14 (93%) | 14 (58%) | 0.02 |
| Statins (n, %) | 22 (56%) | 11 (73%) | 11 (46%) | 0.09 |
| Diuretics (n, %) | 28 (72%) | 13 (87%) | 15 (63%) | 0.10 |
| Digoxins (n, %) | 7 (18%) | 2 (13%) | 5 (21%) | 0.55 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVESV (ml) | 92 (62–113) | 100 (92–120) | 71 (57–102) | 0.10 |
| LVEDV (ml) | 146 (135–194) | 156 (135–194) | 143 (133–191) | 0.57 |
| LVEF (%) | 39 (32–54) | 33 (30–38) | 50 (32–59) | 0.06 |
| Surgical characteristics | ||||
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 120 (94–159) | 147 (115–186) | 108 (89–151) | 0.04 |
| CPB time (min) | 178 (140–212) | 205 (154–252) | 162 (135–198) | 0.01 |
| Surgery time (min) | 310 (255–352) | 376 (275–406) | 292 (226–322) | 0.003 |
| Postoperative characteristics | ||||
| Norepinephrine (µg/kg/min) | ||||
| 0–12 h at the ICU | 0.03 (0.01–0.10) | 0.10 (0.07–0.20) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | <0.001 |
| 12–24 h at the ICU | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.08) | 0.00 (0.00–0.02) | 0.004 |
| Dobutamine (µg/kg/min) | ||||
| 0–12 h at the ICU | 3 (0–5) | 5 (3–8) | 2 (0–4) | 0.004 |
| 12–24 h at the ICU | 2 (0–5) | 4 (2–7) | 0 (0–4) | 0.005 |
| Creatinine 24 h after surgery (μmol/l) | 79 (64–105) | 96 (70–140) | 77 (58–96) | 0.06 |
| Total stay in ICU (hours) | 24 (21–69) | 47 (21–93) | 22 (21–25) | 0.07 |
| Total stay in hospital (days) | 13 (10–19) | 15 (11–21) | 13 (10–19) | 0.35 |
The differences at baseline between the groups, for example higher log EuroSCORE and NYHA class in patients with vasoplegia, reflect a more vulnerable patient population. Medians and IQRs are shown unless stated otherwise.
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; AF: atrial fibrillation; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; ICU: intensive care unit; LVEDV: left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV: left ventricular end-systolic volume; NT-proBNP: N-terminal-proB-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA: New York Heart Association.
*P-values are given for the comparisons of patients with and without vasoplegia after mitral valve surgery.